GRE经典例子集-按领域分类

10哥白尼日心说：(oppositeto“Earth-centricTheory”)Copernicus'theoryofheliocentricismissuretobeagreatachievementinastronomy,however,hisgreatdiscoverycontradictedthetraditionalandin-poweredtheologicalcanonwhichdictatedgeocentricism,hisbookwascensoredandprohibitedfromthegeneralpublic,itwasnotuntilseveralyearspublishedinothercountriesdidCopernicusfirstexpresshisideastopopulace.利用点：兴趣爱好与成功；质疑权威社会才会前进和发展；真理一开始都是令人难以容忍的，或者至少是令人不快的，而且都是在反对当时的权威思想。SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome--SARS肺炎：pneumonia流行病：epidemic利用点：政治家的修养和道德，政府和人民，科技和医学，人类发展，科研资料共享与研究互动，还有合作。。。太多了阿基米德ArchimedesGreekmathematician,engineer,andphysicist.Amongthemostimportantintellectualfiguresofantiquity古老古代,hediscoveredformulasfortheareaandvolumeofvariousgeometricfigures,appliedgeometrytohydrostatics流体静力学andmechanics,devisednumerousingeniousmechanisms,suchastheArchimedeanscrew,anddiscoveredtheprincipleofbuoyancy浮力,漂浮性.利用点：通才与专才，从小的兴趣影响，科学的偶然发现BillGatesWhenBillGatesmadehisdecisiontodropoutfromHarvard,hedidnotcaretoomuchoftheresult.ManypeopledidnotunderstandwhyGatesgaveupsuchagoodopportunitytostudyintheworld'sNo.1University.However,withsizecomespower,MicrosoftdominatesthePCmarketwithitsoperatingsystems,suchasMS-DOSandWindows.Now,MicrosoftbecomesthebiggestsoftwarecompanyintheworldandBillGatesbecomestherichestmanintheworld.利用点：自学成才利用点：失败是成功之母Asamatteroffact,thewholehistoryofdiscoveryisfilledwithpeoplewhousederroneousassumptionsandfailedideasassteppingatoneston2ewideas.ColumbusthoughthewasfindingashorterroutetoIndia.JohannesKeplerstumbledontotheideaofinterplanetary星际的，行星间的gravitybecauseofassumptionswhichwererightforthewrongreasons.And,ThomasEdisonknew1800waysnottobuildalightbulb.Wecanlearnfromtheexperienceofthesepredecessorsthatsometimesaseriesofapparentfailuresisreallyaprecursortosuccess.ThevoluminouspersonalpapersofEdisonrevealthathisinventionstypicallydidnotspringtolifeinaflashofinspirationbutevolvedslowlyfrompreviousworks.“星球大战”防御计划：错误的政府决策Theso-called“StarWar”defenseinitiative,championedbyReagan里根（姓氏）administrationduringthe1980s.Inretrospect,thisinitiativewasill-conceivedandlargelyawasteoftaxpayerdollars;andfewwoulddisputethatexorbitantamountofmoneydevotedtotheinitiativecouldhavegonealongwaytowardaddressingpressingsocialproblemsoftheday.Asitturnsout,attheendoftheStarWar’sdebacle崩溃,溃裂wewereleftwithrampantgangviolence,anAIDSepidemic,andanunprecedentedfederalbudgetdeficit.加拿大电影工业：Canada’sfilmindustry,whichisheavilysubsidizedbyCanadiangovernment,andwhichprovidescountlessjobsforfilm-industryworkersasaresult.TheCanadiangovernmentalsoprovidesvariousincentivesforAmericanproductioncompaniestofilmandproducetheirmoviesinCanada.TheseincentiveshavesparkedaboonfortheCanadianeconomy,therebystimulatingjobgrowthandwealththatcanbeappliedtowardeducation,jobtraining,andsocialprograms.“非主流”的影响：正面：Onesuchneedinvolvesourcommonexperienceashumansthatwefreelymakeourowndecisionsandchoicesinlifeandthereforecarrysomeresponsibilityfortheirconsequences.Facedwithinfinitechoices,weexperienceuncertainty,insecurity,andconfusion;andwefeelremorse,regret,andguiltwheninretrospectourchoicesturnouttobepoorones.Understandably,topreventthesebadfeelingsmanypeopletrytoshifttheburdenof**difficultchoicesanddecisionstosomenebulousauthorityoutsi3dethemselves—byrelyingonthestartsoronastackoftarotcardsforguidance.负面：Withoutanysurewaytoevaluatethelegitimacyoftheseavenues大街；林荫大道ofinquiry,participantsbecomevulnerabletoself-deception欺骗,falsehopes,fantasticideas,andevendelusions错觉.Onapersonallevel,stubbornadherencetoirrationalbeliefsinthefaceofreasonandempiricalevidencecanleadtoself-righteousarrogance傲慢,intolerance,anti-socialbehavior,andevenhatred.Onasocietallevelthesetraitshaveleadalltoooftentohollywars,andtosuchotheratrocities凶恶，残暴asgenocide种族灭绝andmasspersecution迫害.理想主义的作用：商业：Admittedly,theeverydaymachinationsofbusinessareverysuchaboutmeetingshort-termgoals.Yetunderpinning支持；证实theseactivitiesisthevisionofthecompany’sCEO-avisionthatmightextendfarbeyondmereprofitmaximizationtothewaysinwhichthefirmcanmakealastingandmeaningfulcontributiontothecommunity,tothebroadereconomy,andtothesocietyasawhole.Withoutadreamorvision—thatis,withoutstrongidealistleadership—afirmcaneasilybecastaboutintheseaofcommercewithoutcleardirection.政治：Itisidealist—notpragmatists—whoswaythemasses,inciterevolutions,andmakepoliticalideologyreality.ConsideridealistssuchasAmerica’sfounders,MahatmaGandhi,MartinLutherKing.Fewwoulddisagreethatthroughtheirabilitytoinspireothersandliftthehumanspirittheywereeminentlyeffectiveinleadingotherstoeffectsocialchangethroughcivildisobedience.Hadtheseidealistsconcernedthemselveswithshot-termsurvivalandimmediateneedsratherthanwiththeirnotionsofanidealsociety,theUnitedStatesandIndiamightstillbeBritishcolonies,andAfricanAmericansmightstillberelegatedtothebacksofbuses.技术进步的目标：Advancesinbiotechnologycanhelpcureandpreventdiseases;advancesinmedicaltechnologycanallowforsafer,lessinvasivediagnosisandtreatment;advancesingeneticscanhelppreventbirthdefects;advancesinengineeringandchemistrycanimprovethestructuralintegrityofourbuild