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1、形式一致主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式2、语意一致谓语动词用单数的清况1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。Twenty-fivedollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.Fiftyminutesisn’tenoughtofinishthistest.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.2以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。这类单词有:economics经济学electronics电子学physics物理学politics政治学mathematics数学statistics统计学Rootswasanovelaboutaslavefamily.Hispoliticswereamatterofgreatconcerntohisfriend.Politicsishisfavoritesubject.Statisticsshowthatapproximately40percentofallmarriagesintheUSendindivorce.Statisticsisasubjectthatisdifficulttolearn.3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:Myluggagewassentbyair.TheequipmentofourfactoryisallimportedfromBritain.4)不定式、现在分词和从句作主语,谓语动词通常用单数:Playingwithfireisdangerous.注意:若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式Earlytoriseandearlytobedisagoodhabit.Whenandwherethebuildingwillbebuilthasn’tbeendecided.主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定Whatshesaidiscorrect.WhathegavemearefiveEnglishbooks.谓语动词用复数的情况1)由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如:Fireandwaterdonotagree.注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词共用一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数。Theteacherandwriterisherfriend.2)有些集合名词.如:cattle,folk,people,police,poultry(家禽)等作主语,总是跟复数动词形式。Thepeoplehopetoliveahappylife.Thepolicehavecaughtthecriminal.Cattlefeedongrass.3)表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Hisblacktrousersaretoolong.他的黑裤子太长。Yourglassesareonyournose.4)表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。ThePhilippinesareinthePacificOcean.RockyMountainsstandinthewestofNorthAmerica.5)名词clothes,works(作“著作”讲),goods,contents,theOlympicGames的谓语动词律律用复数。如:Clotheskeeppeoplewarm.Hisworkshavebeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages.注意:若表示“一套衣服”,可用asuitofclothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。若表示“一部作品”用awork,“两部作品”用twoworks。谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的1)由“someof,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,mostof,therestof,allof,halfof,partof,theremainderof或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。Therestofthelectureisdull.Halfoftheappleisrotten.这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Halfoftheapplesarerotten.这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。Over30%ofthestudentswereabsentfromthemeeting.2)由“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof”和“名词+ofthiskind”等,以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort,form,part,piece,section等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如:Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem.Partsofthebookareveryinstructive.Thiskindofapplesisexpensive.Applesofthiskindareexpensive.3)“more+复数名词+thanone”结构谓语常用复数。Moremembersthanonehaveprotestedagainsttheplan.4)不定代词“each,one,noone,some(any,no,every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时,谓语动词一律用单数形式Eachboygetsaprize.Someonewantstobuythehouse.EachofthebookscostsfiveYuan.注意:each,all,both用作同位语时,谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致WeeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every,each,no,manya修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。Eachteacherand(each)studentwasgivenabook.Everyhourand(every)minuteisimportantManyateacherandmanyastudentenjoysthebookverymuch.manya.../morethanone+名词作主语时,谓语动词仍采取单数形式Manyamanthinkslifeismeaninglesswithoutpurpose.oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语时,其谓语要用单数形式Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.3、就近原则or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时,根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数,就用单数;离谓语动词近的主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsaretoblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherdoesn’tknowaboutit.NeitheryounorIknowhowtodoit.4、主谓一致的特殊情况1)population表示“人口”,一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,谓语动词用复数形式。ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million.Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountryarepeasants.2)集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,team等。Ourfootballteamisplayingwell.Ourfootballteamarehavingbathsandarethencomingbackhereforsupper.3)anumberof/avarietyof/varietiesof+可数名词复数;“themajorityof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式thenumberof(表数目)和thevarietyof(表种类)等+可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.Thereareavarietyofgoodsonsaleintheshop.Thenumberofthepeoplewhoknowthesecretisverylimited.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleintheshopissurprising.4)“alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数“largeamountsof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用复数“alargequantityof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数“alargequantityof+复数名词”作主语,谓语常用复数“largequantitiesof+不可数名词/复数名词”作主语,谓语用复数“agood/greatdealof+不可数名词”作主语,谓语用单数Alargeamountofcleanwateriswastedeveryday.Vastamountsofmoneyarebeinginvestedinthelocalmarket.Largequantitiesofbeerareconsumedinthecityeveryyear.Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.“atotalof+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用,意思是“总共有……”“thetotalof+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用,意思是“……的总数”。4)单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters。means,series,sheep,species,works等。如:Thecrossroadsis/aredangerous.Everymeanshasbeentried.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.Asteelworkshasjustbeenbuiltthere.5)当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,accompaniedby,like,inadditionto,aswellas,asmuchas,morethan,ratherthan,nolessthan,except,but,besides,including等连接的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如:Therocksinger,alo
本文标题:主谓一致-详解--超详细
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