b3u3宾语从句、表语从句

GrammarNounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语表语Unit3名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。TheObjectClausee.g.1)Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?4)Heaskedwhosecaritwas.5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid.6)Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace.7)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?TheObjectClause做动词的宾语(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesn'tknowwherethepostofficeis.(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshouldread．(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。(4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;e.g.Idon’tthinkyouareright．我想你是不对的。(5)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：e.g.一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?你认为天气会转晴吗?一Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)我认为不会这样。(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句;e.g.Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?(2)that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到。此时that不可省略。e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong．(3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it;e.g.I’llseetoitthateverythingisready．做介词的宾语注意事项（时态呼应）从句时态主句时态现在时/将来时相应任何时态过去时相应过去任何时态（但客观真理和自然规律的内容时态不变，仍用一般现在时）ThePredicativeClause（表语是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态的，常用在联系动词be/become/seem/appear等之后）•that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.2.表语从句－在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywereknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.1.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.hewillbewelltomorrowIamnotsure.5.itistrueremainsaproblem.关联词比较whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherWhetherWhetherA.引导宾语从句时可互换.B.位于介词后要用whether.C.位于句首时要用whether.D.引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时,要用whether.E.后+todo时用whether1.Ithinkitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2.Hismotherissatisfiedwithhehasdone.3.hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4.Thisis_____makesusinterested.5.Thereasonwas________Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.what/that(that)whatThatwhatthat所引导的从句是否缺(主语,表语,宾语)汉语意义能否省略what缺什么;所….的(东西/事情)不能省略that不缺无意义引导宾语从句时可省略.who/whoever1.Thecompetitioniscoming.willattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ibelievetakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.what/whatever3.Canyoutellmeyou‘dliketoorder?4.happens,don’tbesurprised.5.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderyoulike.whowhoeverwhatWhateverwhatever名词从句让步状语从句who表“谁”/whoever表“….”的任何人表”不论谁”what表“什么”“所….的东西”/whatever表“…..的任何东西”“无论什么”单项选择1.Idon’tknow____wecanliveontheislandwithoutanyfood.A.whereBwhatChowDthat2.Couldyoutellme___________________?AWhereisthepart?BWho’sonduty?CWhosebookisthis?DWhataretheydoing?3Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____aroundthesun.AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4.Couldyoutellme________?AifhewouldcometomorrowBwillhecometomorrowCwhetherhewillcometomorrowDIfhecomestomorrow5.Ididn’tknowthatMr.Smith______yet.A.HasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturnedBBCCC6.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere7.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that8.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what9.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whereverBBBBPractice–choosing(10m)1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.Webelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirtask,don’twe?4.IamsorrythatIdon’tknowyouwantedtotakepartinthecompetition.5.Mrliseemsthatheisveryexpertatrepairingatcomputers.whathaven’ttheydidn’ttheyareasif6.Itissuggestedthatwe________totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone7.Hedidn’tsay________ornothewouldbestayinghere.A.thatB.ifC.weatherD.whether8.Hedoesn’tknow________togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether9Didshesayanythingabout______wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether高考链接1.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday'sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeel