高中英语语法经验总结

1五大基本句型1.主（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句）——谓(vi.)（如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.2.主----谓（vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)---宾（n./pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句）(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.3.主-------谓（vt.)------间接宾语（sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb2(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.(6).Passmethepaper,please.(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.4.主----谓(vt.)-----宾-----补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth----如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)(1).Isawherenterthelab.(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(5).I'llhavethebikerepaired.(6).Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.3(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.(11).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.(12).Iwishyoutogowithme.(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.5.主-----系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表（n./adj./adv./介词短语/todosth/doingsth./donebysb./表语从句）。(1).Thenewswasexciting.(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.(3).Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.(6).Themusicsoundssweet.(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.(11).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.4(12).I'minterestedinthestory.(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比较：Heturnedwriterin1960.(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.（成为）希望你能熟记上述经典例句，真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。5定语从句1.什么叫定语从句？先行词？引导词？定语从句的位置如何？(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.62.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:（1).who--指人，在从句中作主语。（2).whom--指人，在从句中作宾语。(3).whose--指人或物，在从句中作定语。(4).which---指物，在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。(5).that--指人或物，在从句指作主语或宾语。(5)as---指人或物，在从句中作主、宾、表，既可以引导限制性定语从句(thesame-----as,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句（位置灵活).3个关系副词:(1).when--指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2).where--指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3).why--指原因，在从句中作原因状语。注意：判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，主要取决于什么？取决于引导词在从句中所充当的成分：若引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语时，须用关系代词；若引导词在从句中充当状语时，须用关系副词。(1).I'llneverforgettheday_____yousavedme.That'sthespecialday_______I'llneverforget.(2).Thisisthehouse_____myauntlivedlastyear.Thisisthehouse______myauntboughtlastyear.(3).We'llvisitthevillage,______wasoncethesiteofa7famousbattle.We'llvisitthevillage,______afamousbattleoncetookplace.(4).Oct.1,1949wastheday______we'llneverforget.Oct.1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此时我决定回家(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.3.一般来说，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情况下，必须用that指物，不用which.(1).当先行词本身为不定代词时：all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.(2).当先行词被adj最高级/序数词修饰时。(3).当先行词被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修饰时。(1).Allthatglittersisnotgold.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.8Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.ThisisthelasttimethatI'llgiveyoualesson.ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(关系代词在从句中作表语时）4.As引导的定语从句：(as在定语从句中必须充当成分：主语、宾语、表语)(1).Thesame--------as--------(2).Such----------as--------(3).As-clause,main-clause.==Main-clause,as-clause.(4).such/as-------as-------(5)as/so------as--------(1).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(6).Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).(7).Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.9Asweallknow,airisagas.Air,asweknow,isagas.(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.比较：Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句）注意：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句常有，只能指代整个主句的内容，不能指代单个先行词：“如同-------那样”：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所预料的那样),asisoften