7.理解修辞表达

UnderstandingFigurativeLanguageTomakelanguageclearer,moreinteresting,andmorestriking,allofususeexpressionswhicharenotliterallytrue.Wemakecomparisonsinspeakingandwriting.Figurativelanguage—languagethatisusednotinitsliteralmeaning,butinawaythatmakesdescribingmoreinterestingorimpressive—paintsapictureforthereader.Figurativelanguagecanbeconfusingifitisunderstoodliterally.Theabilitytorecognizeandinterpretorexplainfigurativelanguagemayhelpusfullyunderstandawriter'spoint.Forexample:1.Parentsmayattempttocompensatebyshoweringthemwithmaterialpossessions.Explanation:givingthemmanymaterialpossessions2.Iftheyrefusearequest,theyimmediatelyfeelawaveofregretforhavingbeensostrictorungenerous.Explanation:asudden,uncontrollablefeelingofregret3.Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcannotexpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Explanation:startanewcourseofimprovedbehaviorFiguresofSpeech英语中的常用修辞1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.例如:Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.Hewaslikeacatonhotbricksbeforehisdrivingtest.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。无需借助比喻词。例如:Thesoldierwasalioninthebattle.(metaphor)Thesoldierwasasbraveasalioninthebattle.(simile)ThecasesnowballedintooneofthemostfamoustrialsintheU.S.history.3.Personification拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:Thenightgentlylaysherhandatourfeveredheads.Iwasveryhappyandcouldhearthebirdssinginginthewoods.4.Metonymy借喻,转喻，借代借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.4.1以容器代替内容,例如:Thekettleboils.水开了.4.2以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.4.3以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集4.4以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.5.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.他的厂里约有100名工人.6.Hyperbole夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.例如:Ibegathousandpardons.Icouldsleepforayear.7.Understatement含蓄陈述，低调陈述和夸张相反，含蓄陈述是一种讽刺或幽默的表达方式，也就是有意把一件事说得没有事实上那么严重的一种修辞法，轻描淡写。Wecansolvethisproblem.我们能解决这个问题。（一般陈述）Thisproblemisnotaboveus.这个问题难不倒我们。（低调陈述）Themovieisnotbad.这电影想当不错。8.Onomatopoeia:(拟声）是指用语音摹拟自然声响，使语言表达生动逼真的一种修辞手法。giggle(格格地笑)clap(啪啪地拍掌)moo(哞，牛叫声)mew（喵，猫叫声）roar（狮，虎啸）bark(狗吠)Theclockticks.Thetimepasses.9.Euphemism委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:疾病：Lookoffcolour；undertheweather;notallthere(精神病)；longillness(癌症)；socialdisease(艾滋病)年老：advancedinage;pastone’sprime;feelone’sage;sunsetyears.老人：seniorcitizen(资深的公民)；thelongerliving（生活经历较长者）死亡：gowest;beatrest;beasleepintheArmsofGod;gothewayofallflesh;returntodust;passaway;runone’srace;benolongerwithus.Heisoutvisitingthenecessary/answeringthenature’scall.他出去方便一下.10.Pun双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.做出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如:ToEnglandwillIsteal,andthereI’llsteal.–WilliamShakespeareAnambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.11.Paradox似非而是的隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法.例如：Morehaste,lessspeed.Thechildisthefathertotheman.12.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。例如:painfulpleasure悲喜交集poorrichguys精神贫穷的富人