英国文学The Pilgrims Progress

ThePilgrim’sProgressbyJohnBunyan•••AboutAuthor•BriefIntroductionoftheWork•MainPlot•Themes•Characters•Allegory•Analysis:ThePilgrim’sProgress•Symbols\SymbolismContentsJohnBunyan（1628—1688）AnalysisofBunyan•Bunyan,apooranduneducatedtinker补锅匠,wasborninapoorfamily.Andhesufferedalotbecausehispoorconditions,whichlaidthefoundationforforminghisthinkingpatternsandthecreationofhisworks.•Bunyan’ssufferingconfirmedhiminhiscallingasawriter,especiallyfortheafflictedchurch.•Bunyan’ssufferingdeepenedhisloveforhispeople•Bunyan’ssufferingopenedhisunderstandingtothetruththattheChristianlifeishardandthatfollowingJesusmeanshavingdifficulties.•Bunyan’ssufferingsstrengthenedhisassurancethatGodissovereignoveralltheafflictions痛苦\折磨ofhispeopleandwillbringthemsafelyhome.•Bunyan’ssufferingdeepenedinhimaconfidenceintheBibleasthewordofGod•Bunyancherishedadeephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment.•Literaryworks•1.GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner(writteninprison)•《罪人受恩记》《功德无量》•2.Pilgrim’sProgress(masterpiece)•《天路历程》•3.TheLifeandDeathofMr.Badman•《恶人先生的生平和死亡》•《贝德曼先生的一生》•4.TheHolyWar•《神圣战争》PartⅠ•Christian,aneverymancharacter,whomakeshiswayfromtheCityofDestruction(Earth)totheCelestialCity(Heaven)ofZion.Christianfindshimselfweigheddownbyagreatburden(sin),whichcomesfromhisreadingabook(obviouslytheBible).•OnhiswaytotheWicketGate,Christianisdiverted(转移)byMr.WorldlyWisemanintoseekingdeliverance（解救）fromhisburdenthroughtheLaw,supposedlywiththehelpofaMr.LegalityandhissonCivilityinthevillageofMorality,ratherthanthroughChrist,allegoricallybywayoftheWicketGate.•ChristianandHopefulmakeitthroughthedangerousEnchantedGroundintotheLandofBeulah,wheretheyreadythemselvestocrosstheRiverofDeathonfoottoMountZionandtheCelestialCity.Christianhasaroughtimeofit,butHopefulhelpshimover;andtheyarewelcomedintotheCelestialCityPartⅡ•PresentsthepilgrimageofChristian'swife,Christiana;theirsons;andthemaiden,Mercy.TheyvisitthesamestoppingplacesthatChristianvisited,withtheadditionofGaius'InnbetweentheValleyoftheShadowofDeathandVanityFair.•TheheroofthestoryisGreatheart,theservantoftheInterpreter,whoisapilgrim‘sguidetotheCelestialCity.Hekillsfourgiantsandparticipatesintheslaying（杀戮）ofamonsterthatterrorizesthecityofVanity.•ThepassageofyearsinthissecondpilgrimagebetterallegorizesthejourneyoftheChristianlife.Byusingheroines,Bunyan,intheSecondPart,illustratestheideathatwomenaswellasmencanbebravepilgrims.•ThePilgrim‘sProgressfromThisWorldtoThatWhichIstoCome,areligious\Christianallegory,waswrittenbyJohnBunyanforsimplefolk,intheformofallegoryanddream.•ItisregardedasoneofthemostsignificantworksofreligiousEnglishliteratureandhasbeentranslatedintomorethan100languages.BunyanbeganhisworkwhileintheBedfordshirecountyGaol.ForviolatingtheConventicleActwhichprohibitedholdingreligiousservices(publicmeeting)outsidetheauspices（赞助、支持)oftheestablishedChurchandgovernmentofEngland.EarlyBunyanscholarsbelievedThePilgrim'sProgresswasbeguninBunyan'ssecondshorterimprisonmentforsixmonthsin1675.•TheEnglishversionisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstpartwascompletedin1677andwaspublishedasthefirsteditioninFebruary,1678.TherewereeleveneditionsofthefirstpartinJohnBunyan'slifetime,publishedinsuccessiveyears.TheSecondPartappearedin1684,andthereweretwoeditionsofthesecondpart.PlotThefirstparttellsofaChristian,aneverymancharacter,whomakeshiswayfromtheCityofDestruction(Earth)totheCelestialCity(Heaven)ofZion.ChristianthePilgrim,settingoutinhissearchforsalvation,isaccompaniedbyPliable,Mr.Evangelist福音,FaithfulandthenHopeful,andonthewayhemeetswithmanypitfalls危险andhindrancesliketheSloughofDespond,Mr.WorldlyWiseman,Apollyon恶魔,VanityFairandJudgeHategood,andGiantDespairandtheDoubtingcastle.AftermanynarrowescapesandnumeroustestsofhissteadfastnesshefinallyarrivesatCelestialcity.ThesecondpartofThePilgrim’sProgress,dealingwithsimilaradventuresofChristian’swifeChristiana,theirchildren,themaidenandtheMercy怜悯intheirpilgrimagetothecelestialcity.TheBookToday•100yearsagoitwouldhavebeenconsideredthegreatestnoveleverwritten•Ifafamilyownedtwobooks,onewastheBible,theotherwasPilgrim’sProgress•ThebookhasbeentranslatedintoalmosteverylanguageonearthCharactersPartI•CHRISTIAN,whosenamewasGracelessatsometimebefore,theprotagonistintheFirstPart,whosejourneytotheCelestialCityistheplotofthestory.•EVANGELIST,thereligiousmanwhoputsChristianonthepathtotheCelestialCity.HealsoshowsChristianabook,whichreadersassumetobetheBible.•MR.WORLDLYWISEMAN,aresidentofaplacecalledCarnalPolicy,whopersuadesChristiangooutofhiswaytobehelpedbyaMr.LegalityandthenmovetotheCityofMorality.•FAITHFUL,Christian'sfriendfromtheCityofDestruction,whoisalsogoingonpilgrimage.CharactersPartI•GOODWILL,thekeeperoftheWicketGatethroughwhichoneentersthestraightandnarrowway(alsoreferredtoastheKing'sHighway)totheCelestialCity.IntheSecondPartwefindthatthischaracterisnoneotherthanJesusChristHimself.•HOPEFUL,theresidentofVanityFair,whotakesFaithful'splaceasChristian'sfellowtraveler.•IGNORANCE,“abriskyounglad男孩\少年”,whojoinsthe“King‘sHighway”bywayofthe“crookedlane”弯曲的小巷thatcomesfromhisnativecountry,calledConc