msa-aiagmanual手册

PropertyofFordMotorCompanyInternalUseOnlyiMEASUREMENTSYSTEMSANALYSISReferenceManualThirdEditionFirstEdition,October1990•SecondEdition,February1995;SecondPrinting,June1998•ThirdEdition,March2002Copyright©1990,©1995,©2002DaimlerChryslerCorporation,FordMotorCompany,GeneralMotorsCorporationPropertyofFordMotorCompanyInternalUseOnlyiiPropertyofFordMotorCompanyInternalUseOnlyiiiFOREWORDThisReferenceManualwasdevelopedbyaMeasurementSystemsAnalysis(MSA)WorkGroup,sanctionedbytheDaimlerChryslerCorporation/FordMotorCompany/GeneralMotorsCorporationSupplierQualityRequirementsTaskForce,andundertheauspicesoftheAmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ)andtheAutomotiveIndustryActionGroup(AIAG).TheWorkGroupresponsibleforthisThirdEditionwereDavidBenham(DaimlerChryslerCorporation),MichaelDown(GeneralMotorsCorporation),PeterCvetkovski(FordMotorCompany),GregoryGruska(ThirdGeneration,Inc.),TrippMartin(FederalMogul)andSteveStahley(SRSTechnicalServices).Inthepast,Chrysler,Ford,andGeneralMotorseachhadtheirownguidelinesandformatsforensuringsuppliercompliance.Differencesbetweentheseguidelinesresultedinadditionaldemandsonsupplierresources.Toimproveuponthissituation,theTaskForcewascharteredtostandardizethereferencemanuals,procedures,reportingformats,andtechnicalnomenclatureusedbyChrysler,Ford,andGeneralMotors.Accordingly,Chrysler,Ford,andGeneralMotorsagreedin1990todevelop,and,throughAIAG,distributeanMSAmanual.Thatfirsteditionwaswellreceivedbythesuppliercommunity,whichofferedvaluableinputs,basedonapplicationexperience.TheseinputshavebeenincorporatedintotheSecondandthisThirdedition.Thismanual,whichisapprovedandendorsedbyDaimlerChryslerCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andGeneralMotorsCorporation,isasupplementalreferencedocumenttoQS-9000.Themanualisanintroductiontomeasurementsystemanalysis.Itisnotintendedtolimitevolutionofanalysismethodssuitedtoparticularprocessesorcommodities.Whiletheseguidelinesareintendedtocovernormallyoccurringmeasurementsystemsituations,therewillbequestionsthatarise.Thesequestionsshouldbedirectedtoyourcustomer’sSupplierQualityAssurance(SQA)activity.IfyouareuncertainastohowtocontacttheappropriateSQAactivity,thebuyerinyourcustomer’spurchasingofficecanhelp.TheMSAWorkGroupgratefullyacknowledges:theleadershipandcommitmentofVicePresidentsTomSidlikatDaimlerChryslerCorporation,CarlosMazzorinatFordMotorCompanyandBoAnderssonofGeneralMotorsCorporation;theassistanceoftheAIAGinthedevelopment,productionanddistributionofthemanual;theguidanceoftheTaskForceprincipalsHankGryn(DaimlerChryslerCorporation),RussHopkins(FordMotorCompany),andJoeBransky(GeneralMotorsCorporation),inassociationwithASQrepresentedbyJackieParkhurst(GeneralMotorsCorporation),andtheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTMInternational).Thismanualwasdevelopedtomeetthespecificneedsoftheautomotiveindustry.ThisManualiscopyrightedbyDaimlerChryslerCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andGeneralMotorsCorporation,allrightsreserved,2002.AdditionalmanualscanbeorderedfromAIAGand/orpermissiontocopyportionsofthismanualforusewithinsupplierorganizationsmaybeobtainedfromAIAGat248-358-3570.March2002PropertyofFordMotorCompanyInternalUseOnlyivMSA3rdEditionQuickGuideTypeofMeasurementSystemMSAMethodsChapterBasicVariableRange,Average&Range,ANOVA,Bias,Linearity,ControlChartsIIIBasicAttributeSignalDetection,HypothesisTestAnalysesIIINon-Replicable(e.g.,DestructiveTests)ControlChartsIVComplexVariableRange,Average&Range,ANOVA,Bias,Linearity,ControlChartsIII,IVMultipleSystems,GagesorTestStandsControlCharts,ANOVA,RegressionAnalysisIII,IVContinuousProcessControlChartsIIIMiscellaneousAlternateApproachesVOtherWhitePapers–availableat:RegardingtheuseoftheGRRstandarddeviationHistorically,byconvention,a99%spreadhasbeenusedtorepresentthe“full”spreadofmeasurementerror,representedbya5.15multiplyingfactor(whereGRRσismultipliedby5.15torepresentatotalspreadof99%).A99.73%spreadisrepresentedbyamultiplierof6,whichis3σ±andrepresentsthefullspreadofa“normal”curve.Ifthereaderchoosestoincreasethecoveragelevel,orspread,ofthetotalmeasurementvariationto99.73%,pleaseuse6asamultiplierinplaceof5.15inthecalculations.Awarenessofwhichmultiplyingfactorisusediscrucialtotheintegrityoftheequationsandresultantcalculations.Thisisespeciallyimportantifacomparisonistobemadebetweenmeasurementsystemvariabilityandthetolerance.PropertyofFordMotorCompanyInternalUseOnlyvTABLEOFCONTENTSCHAPTERI–GENERALMEASUREMENTSYSTEMSGUIDELINES...........................................................1CHAPTERI--SectionA............................................................................................................................................3Introduction,PurposeandTerminology.....................................................................................................................3QualityofMeasurementData...............................................................................................................................3Purpose..............................................................