新人教版八年级下册英语第二单元短语和知识点总结

TranslatethephrasesintoEnglish.1.收拾干净；打扫2.使…高兴起来3.分发4.自愿做某事5.提出;想出6.过去常常…7.习惯于做某事1.cleanup2.cheerup3.giveout/handout4.volunteertodosth.5.comeupwith6.usedto7.beusedtodoingsth.8.张贴________9.打电话给；征召________10.制定计划_______11.敬老院________12.帮忙解决sth_________________13.照顾；______________14.推迟____________makeplanscallupputuphelpoutwithsth.oldpeople'shomeputoffcarefor15.单独、独立byoneself16.在...年纪时attheageof17.参加...选拔tryoutfor18.实现cometrue19.忙于sthbebusywithsth20.忙于做某事bebusydoingsth21.与....像takeafter22.修理；维修fixup23.捐赠giveaway24.建立；设立setup25.残疾人disabledpeople26.有影响；起作用makeadifference27.对...感到兴奋beexcitedabout28.立刻；马上rightaway/atonce1.做动词宾语。常见动词有wouldlike,want,help,learn,hope,decide,volunteer.动词不定式用法小结e.g.Wedon’twanttospenttoomuchmoney.我们不想花费太多钱。2.作宾语补足语。常见动词有ask,want,tell,invite,like,hate.V+sb+todoe.g.Mr.Liaskedthestudentstocopythetext.李老师让学生们抄写课文。3.作目的状语。e.g.Ourschoolmaketheserulestohelpstudents.我们学校制定这些规矩，是为了帮助学生。e.g.Clairemissedagreatchancetomakealotofmoney.克莱尔错过了一个赚大钱的机会。4.作后置定语。5.动词help及一些使役动词后面常省略to。如：help;let;make;seee.g.Mymotherwouldn’tletmegotothemovie.妈妈不会让我去看电影的。e.g.Theydon’tknowwheretobuildthenewhouse.6.特殊疑问词+to不定式，构成复合不定式结构。他们不知道在哪里可以建新房。=Theydon’tknowwheretheycanbuildthenewhouse.思考：做什么什么时候上课怎样去学校whattodohowtogotoschoolwhentohaveaclass7.形式主语句型中的不定式1.形式主语句型：Itis+形容词+（forsb）+todosth不定式todosth做真正的主语如：对我们来说，学英语是容易的。ItiseasyforustostudyEnglish.对她来说，踢足球没有趣。Itisnotinterestingforhertoplaysoccer.不定式的否定形式：nottodoe.g.不想做某事：wantnottodosth告诉某人不要做某事：tellsbnottodo让某人不要做某事make/letsbnotdosth1.Hemademe____(tell)himallthethings.2.Pleaseremember_______(water)theplantswhileI’maway.3.Let’s______(notwatch)atalkshow.Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.towatertellnotwatch4.Whatcanyouexpect_______(learn)fromthenews?5.Myparentswantme_____(notbe)adoctor.6.I’dlike________(watch)cartoonsathome.nottobetowatchtolearn1.Whowill_______________(自愿读)thesewordsforus?2.Thegirloften_____hermother____thedishes(帮妈妈洗餐具)onweekends.Ⅱ.Completethesentences.helpsdovolunteertoread3.We______her________(邀请来)toourparty.askedtocome辨析：lonely与alonelonely情感上的孤独，寂寞。alone独自一人（但不一定感觉寂寞）。e.g.Lindawasaloneinthehouse.琳达独自一人待在房子里。e.g.Shelivesaloneandoftenfeelslonely.她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。Bytheway,doyoufeel_______whenyouare______?A.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.alone,aloneD.lonely,lonely解析：alone是形容词也可作副词，指一个人处境孤独但并不寂寞、悲伤的意思。lonely是形容词，强调内心孤独，有寂寞、悲伤的情感。如：Heisalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.BTheoldmanlives_____ina______house,butheneverfeels_______.A.alone,lonely,lonelyB.alone,alone,lonelyC.lonely,lonely,aloneD.alone,alone,aloneA名词或代词与副词短语的位置如：让我妈妈高兴让我高兴捐赠自行车捐赠他们修理公交车修理它cheermymotherup/cheerupmymothercheermeupgiveawaybikes/givebikesawaygivethemawayfixupthebus/fixthebusupfixitup