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2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)——跨考教育英语教研室SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____(7)withoneanother.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure_____(8)thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____(17)them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____(18)tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe_____(20)testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compare8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词,与后面的manyworthwhilethings一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。而A选项from(来自于),C选项like(像)D选项on(关于)均语义不搭。2.【答案】A【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题。该空是做put的宾语,通过前面的Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____(1)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等);ontheotherhand可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题trust的问题,所以只有faith(信任)最合适。而B选项concern(关心,关注),C选项attention(注意),D选项interest(兴趣,利益)均不符题意。3.【答案】D【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到puttingyour_____inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____(把……放在错误的地方通常会带来巨大的……),可以知道该空肯定也是填贬义,但肯定不能是debt债务这种具体含义,所以只能选price,并且carriesahighprice也指付出高昂的代价。4.【答案】B【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊,该段所指内容_____,whydowetrustatall?(我们为什么会要信任?)所以采用了递进关系,进一步说明信任的具体内容。只有D选项then(然后,那么)最符合语义搭配。而A选项again(再次)表示强调;B选项instead(然而)表转折;而C选项therefore(因此)表结果,均不符合。5.【答案】D【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空_____peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone(___人们信任一个人或者一个机构,大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙),只有when(当……时)符合上下文语境和逻辑语境。6.【答案】B【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题。上一句说当人们产生信任感,大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙,ahormonethat_____(6)pleasurablefeelings这个that就是定语从句,指这种荷尔蒙能_____令人愉悦的感觉,只能是produce最符合语境。7.【答案】C【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词,并且要求与之后的with形成搭配。andtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____withoneanother.说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本能,这种本能能让羊群聚在一起,and的后面的内容也与前面的flocktogether同义复现。所以只有connect最符合语境。8.【答案】D【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与exposureto构成固定搭配的关系。表示“接触”9.【答案】B【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦的情绪,通过这个结论,可以得出这种荷尔蒙能让人有让人信任的情绪/心绪。只有mood是最合适的答案。10.【答案】A【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境。上文中Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一组受试者。conuterparts表示对应物,对应的人。11.【答案】B【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从后文中的also可以看出前后一致的关系。前文对于这种天赋都是褒义的色彩,所以答案此时应该是lucky。12.【答案】B【解析】同样也是因为also,说明前后一致关系。只能选择protect.13.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____acrediblepersonandadishonestone.选则between意为:14个月大的孩子能在诚实和不诚实的人之间进行区分。14.【答案】C【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境,“Sixtytoddlerswereeach__toadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer”选项C“beintroducedtosth”表示“初次认识某物。”符合原文语境。15.【答案】D【解析】本题考察借此搭配及词义复现。根据原文“what’sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer...Eachsubjectwastheninvitedto___.”选项D与前文所表达的inhere和lookinginto相关。因此D为正选。16.【答案】A【解析】本题考察词义复现。根据语境“halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty...”这是用分好并列连接的两个句子,属于并列关系。因此,前半句讲一般的受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具,后半句在肯定其他人会怎么说。像个小分局的结构基本一直。因此本题填入的含义应该与found含义相同。因此,A选项发现为正选。17.【答案】C【解析】根据本题语境,此句在破折号后面,是对前面的意思解释说明。前面提到了另一半人发现盒子是空的,并且易世达测试者对他们怎么样。既然盒子是空的,那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们,所以对此题必须要理解测试者是主语,宾语是Them指的是受测者。主语的含义决定了谓语的含义为戏弄。因此C选项为正选。18.【答案】B【解析】考察搭配。根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语,意为在所有没有被戏弄过的孩子里面,大多数的孩子在习得一种新技能的时候与测试者的合作是如何的。Demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership表明这些孩子信任他的领导。因此,既然信任他们就
本文标题:2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)
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