unit3名词性从句宾语从句

中卫一中周润玲nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.简单句基本句型实例主语＋不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋表语Sheishappy主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtmeabook.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.Shemakeshermotherangry.简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-lovingsubjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicativeRelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,主语、宾语、表语、同位语等名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)1.名词性从句中的连接词（引导词）有:连词:that/whether/if(不充当任何成分，只起到连接句子的作用);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。（是否）{引导词•句型转换•1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。2.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→3.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。4.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→5.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。总结：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,即“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。另外,一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。由what引导的主语从句一般看后面的表语。1.Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.2.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?3.Whatweneedismoretime.4.WhatweneedaremoreEnglishdictionaries.Practicetime.单句改错1.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.2.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.3.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.4.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?5.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.______hasn’t____would___was______hewill___________________Englishhas2.What和that在引导名词性从句时的区别：所引导的名词性从句中是否缺主语，表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略whatthat缺不缺什么；所…的东西无意义否宾语从句中能省略1)Ithink______itisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.2)Hismotherissatisfiedwith______hehasdone.3)_____hewasabletocomemadeushappy.4)______hegavemeisabook.5)Thisis_____makesusinterested.6)Thereasonwas_____Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundnotebefore.thatwhatThatWhatwhatthatObjectClauses宾语从句在句中充当及物动词,介词或某些形容词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。找出下列句中的宾语从句1.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshestilllivesthere.2.Idon’tknowwhoallthesepeopleare.3.ShewantstoknowwhichfilmIlikebest.4.Pleasetellmewhereshelives.whether/ifshestilllivestherewhoallthesepeopleare.whichfilmIlikebest.whereshelives.5.Iamcertainthatheisathomenow.8.Iamafraidhewon’tcomeontime.6.Heaskedwhosecaritwas.7.Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.thatheisathomenow.whosecaritwas.whatheisdoing.hewon’tcomeontime.2.时态的变化(1).当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。Ihear(that)TomhasbeentoGuilintwice.Ihear(that)shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Ihear(that)heisinterestedinEnglish.(2).当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoXi’an.Hesaid(that)hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Hesaid(that)hehadhadsupper.A:Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.B:Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.C:ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.(3).当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态•2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：•（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；•（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。•（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句•Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.•Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用•表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。•a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.从句中有ornot时不用ifeg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknoww