QFD-理论案例

QualityFunctionDeploymentQFDforSoftwareRequirementsManagementGuyDavisCarmenZannierAdamGeras2of46ObjectivesUponcompletionofthischapter,studentswill:UnderstandwhatQualityFunctionDeployment(QFD)isUnderstandhowQFDcomparestoothersoftwaredevelopmentlifecyclesBeabletoidentifytheprimaryQFDtoolsandconceptsBeabletoidentifytheQFDpracticesthatmightbeusefulinnon-QFDworkingenvironments3of461.IntroductiontoQFDQFDRequirementsEngineer?4of461(a)QFD-Definition+VOICEOFTHECUSTOMERQFD=CUSTOMERSATISFACTION5of461(a)QFD–Definition(Cont.)[ASI,2000]6of461(b)QFD-Benefits[ASI,2000]7of461(c)QFD-HistoryQFDSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTROLDESIGNQUALITYVALUEENGINEERING8of461(d)SoftwareEngineeringContextCustomerTQMSoftwareEngineerSDLCSQFDRequirementsEngineer9of461(e)RequirementsEngineeringContextVoiceoftheCustomerSQFDRequirementsEngineerCustomerRequirementsPrioritization10of462.QFDLifeCycleConsiderationsQFDProcessSQFDProcess11of462(a)TraditionalQFDPhases12of462(b)AdaptingQFDtoSoftwareProductPlanningMeasurableObjectivesCustomerVoicePhase1:ConceiveDesignPlanningHighLevelDesignMeasurableObjectivesPhase2:DevelopProcessPlanningMethods,toolsHighLevelDesignPhase3:ManufactureProductionPlanningProceduresMethods,toolsPhase4:Deliver13of462(b)SQFDProcess14of463.TheHouseofQuality6.Targets6.Targets4.Inter-relationships4.Inter-relationships2.PlanningMatrix1.CustomerRequirements3.TechnicalRequirements3.TechnicalRequirements5.Roof5.Roof15of463(a)CustomerRequirementsStructuredRequirementsDocumentGroup1Group2Group3TitleCardGroup1Group2Group3TitleCard16of463(b)AffinityandTreeDiagramsAttractiveAttractiveUsabilityUsabilityPerformancePerformanceFacilitatesClimbingDoesnotrestrictmovementSafeAccessibleGearLoopsLightweightAttractiveComfortableFitsoverDifferentclothesDoesnotrestrictmovementSafeAccessibleGearLoopsLightweightAttractiveComfortableFitsoverDifferentclothesDoesnotrestrictmovementSafeAccessibleGearLoopsLightweightAttractiveComfortableFitsoverDifferentclothesDoesnotrestrictmovementSafeAccessibleGearLoopsLightweightAttractiveComfortableFitsoverDifferentclothes17of46Exercise1–AffinityWorkshop18of463(c)ThePlanningMatrixQuantifiesCustomerRequirements.QuantifiesPerceptionsofExistingProducts.Allowsadjustmentbasedondesignteam.COMFORTABLE54321EASYTOPUTON54321FITSOVERDIFFERENTCLOTHES5432119of46CustomerSatisfaction–existingproductsfulfillingspecifiedrequirements.ImprovementRatio=PlannedPerformance/ExistingPerformanceSalesPoint–weightformarketabilityOverallWeighting=ImportanceWeightingxImprovementRatioXSalesPoint3(c)ThePlanningMatrix20of463(c)ThePlanningMatrixComfortableEasytoPutOnFitsoverdifferentclothesImportanceWeightingCustomerSatisfactionPlannedSatisfactionImprovementRatioSalesPointOverallWeightingImportanceWeightingCustomerSatisfactionPlannedSatisfactionImprovementRatioSalesPointOverallWeighting5122135242.521.31.41.01.117.522.921of463(d)TechnicalRequirementsEngineeringCharacteristics,VoiceoftheCompany.IdentifyMeasurableCharacteristicsrelatedtoCustomerRequirements.Directionofchangeincludedtoleadtoimprovementofproductperformance.22of46CriticalQuestion:HowsignificantistechnicalrequirementAinsatisfyingcustomerrequirementB?3(e)InterrelationshipsBetweencustomerrequirementsandtechnicalrequirementsTranslationandcorrelationstepCriticaltogenerateconsensusbetweendevelopmentteamandcustomers.23of463(e)Interrelationships6.0Safe11.23.0TechnicalPriorityLightweightDoesnotrestrictmovement6.0Safe11.23.0TechnicalPriorityLightweightDoesnotrestrictmovementHarnessweightWebbingstrength#ofbucklesHigh-Medium-Low-OverallWeighting(9)(3)(1)CustomerRequirementsTechnicalRequirements24of463(f)“TheRoof”ConsidersimpactoftechnicalrequirementsoneachotherFeaturetofeaturecomparisonAugmentorimpede?CriticalQuestion:Doesimprovingonerequirementcauseadeteriorationorimprovementinanotherrequirement?25of46+positive/supportingMeetsstandardsHarnessweightWebbingstrengthPaddingthicknessLegend-negative/tradeoff3(f)“TheRoof”26of463(g)TargetsSummarizepreviousstepsDrawconclusionsConsistsof:TechnicalPrioritiesCompetitiveBenchmarksFinalProductTargetsResultsfromprevioussteps:CustomerrequirementsPrioritizedcustomerrequirementsTechnicalrequirementsCorrelatedrequirementsFeatureinterdependencies27of463(h)TechnicalPriorities6.0Safe11.23.0TechnicalPriorityLightweightDoesnotrestrictmovement6.0Safe11.23.0TechnicalPriorityLightweightDoesnotrestrictmovementHarnessweightWebbingstrength#ofbucklesHigh-Medium-Low-OverallWeighting(9)(3)(1)28of463(i)CompetitiveBenchmarksCompetitor#2ExistingSystemCompetitor#1Competitor#2ExistingSystemCompetitor#1WebbingstrengthMeetsstandardsPaddingthickness#ofbucklesHarnessweight29of46TargetSystem3(j)FinalProductTargets30of463(k)HouseofQualitySummaryInputs:CustomerrequirementsTechnicalrequirementsCustomerprioritiesMarketreality/competitiveanalysisOrganization’sstrengths&weaknessesOutputsPrioritizedtechnicalrequirementsMeasurable,testablegoals31of46Exercise2–BuildaHouseofQuality32of463(l)HouseofQualityProsandConsPros:GeneratesspecifictechnicalrequirementsRequirementsar