非谓语动词一览表

1非谓语动词一览表非谓语动词主动式被动式可充当的句子成分动词不定式todotobedone主语宾语表语定语补语状语插入语tobedoing/tohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing/动名词doingbeingdone主语宾语表语定语havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词doingbeingdone表语定语补语状语插入语havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done动词不定式的基本用法：一.语法功能:动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的2特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语（独立成分)，唯独不可作谓语。（主语）Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.（宾语）WeareplanningtobuildaDisneyparkhere.（宾补）Theyhurriedlyendedthemeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.（表语）Ourmosturgenttaskistomakeacarefulanalysisofthepresentsituation.仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。（定语）Doyouhaveanythingelsetoadd?还有什么要补充的吗（目的状语）Learnfrompastmistakestoavoidfutureones.惩前毖后。（结果状语）Hemadealongspeechonlytoshowhisignoranceofthesubject.他大讲了一通，只暴露他对这门学科的无知。（程度状语）Idon’tknowhertospeakto.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。(原因状语)Weshallbehappytoco-operatewithyouinthework.(独立成分)Toputitanotherway,doyoulikehim?Tobehonest,Idon’tknowanythingaboutit.I.作主语：1.Tosayiseasierthantodo.=Sayingiseasierthandoing.2.Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.3.Howtogotherehasn’tbeendecidedyet.4.Whotoblameforthetrafficaccidentisstillapuzzle.35.Whethertogoorstayisnotknown.6.ItisimportanttostudyEnglishwellandgotocollege.7.Itisourdutytogiveahandtopeopleintrouble.8.IttakesmethreehourstodohousecleaningonSundays.9.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant。=Itisveryimportantttoommaasstteerraaffoorreeiiggnnllaanngguuaaggee.【总结归纳】不定式作主语，用It代替主语，而把不定式后置，常见句型：1．Itis+adj.(important,possible,impossible,necessary,hard,difficult,easy,strange,natural,…)+(forsb.)todosth.Itis+adj.(honest,brave,foolish,clever,careful,kind,wise,careless,good,nice,silly,stupid,impolite…)+(ofsb.)todosth.eg:ItisquitenecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.Itwasverybraveofyoutojumpintotherivertosavethegirl.IInnffaacctt,,iittiissaahhaarrddjjoobbffoorrtthheeppoolliicceettookkeeeeppoorrddeerriinnaanniimmppoorrttaannttffoooottbbaallllmmaattcchh..Itiskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.IIttwwaassffoooolliisshhooffyyoouuttoobbeelliieevveehhiimm..==IIiiiissffoooolliisshhooffyyoouuttoohhaavveebbeelliieevveeddhhiimmright,wrong既可用于forsb.todosth.也可用于ofsb.todosth.eg.It’sright/wrongfor/ofhimtodotheworkalone.2．Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+todo4sth.eg.It’smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.3．Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,days,patience…)+todosth.eg:ItrequirespatiencetolearnEnglishwell.4.Itmadesb.+adj.(excited,frightened,angry)+todosth.eg:Itmademedelightedtohavebeeninvitedtogiveyouaspeechhere.II.作表语：当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。例如：1.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.2.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.3.Atthattimehisjobwastowritereportsforthenewspaper.4.Theproblemsremaintobeunsettled.5.Hisfather’staskistoraisepigsandgoats.56.Myquestioniswhentostartthework.7.Theproblemiswhethertobuyabiggercomputer.8.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.9.①Allthatwehavetodois（to）practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.②Whatwehavetodois（to）practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.III.作宾语1.Doyouagreetolendhim200yuantobuyabirthday’sgift?2.Theymanagedtopassthedrivingtest.3.WedeterminetostudyEnglishharderthanbefore.4.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.5.Herefusedtoacceptthepresent.6.Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.7.Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”.【总结归纳】1）只可以接不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,afford,expect,___________________________________________________________etc.2)Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.3)用it作形式宾语,宾语补足语后置，find,think,consider,believe,feel,make+it+adj./n.+todosth.eg:Ifinditveryinterestingtotalkwithyou.6Doyouthinkitapitytomissawonderfulfilm?MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.IV.宾语补足语在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以跟不定式作宾语补足语。eg:YoushouldgetthemtohelpyouJimtoldmetogivehisbestwishestoeveryonehere.Parentswanttheirchildrentodevelopfully.PleaseaskJohnnottoturnofftheair-condition.HeencouragedmetotalktohiminEnglish.Theyareallowedtotalkintheclassroomafterclass.Heoftenmadehisworkerswork10hoursaday,butrecentlyhehasbeenmadetoreducetheworhinghour.【总结归纳】1)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词和动词词组之后：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,cause,force,invite,warn,forbid,get,votefor,callon,counton,relyon,dependon,longfor,waitfor等。但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面常跟tobe…作宾补，也可省略tobe.eg.Theybelievehim(tobe)honest.Ifindher(tobe)humorous.Youcan’timaginethem(tobe)carefuland7interesting.2)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to(但变为被动语态时要加to)①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，即let,have,make；②一些表示“感觉”的动词，五看两听一感觉(listento,watch,observe,notice,lookat,see,hear,listento,feel.)Eg:Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.Someonewasheardtoopenthedoor.Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.Hewasmadetogotobedbyhisfather.3)help后to带不带都可以。Eg:Heoftenhelps(to)dosomehouseworkathome.Hehelpedanoldman(to)walkacrossthestreet.V.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词或代词。1).动词不定式作定语，与所修饰名词有动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Shehasachildtotakecareof.Itseemsthathehasnopentowritewith.Iha