您好,欢迎访问三七文档
专题二阅读理解第二讲推理判断题专题二阅读理解[考情分析]推理判断题属于难度较高的题目,要求在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出一定的判断和推理,从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。纵观近三年浙江卷,可以看出每年推理判断题的考查比例都在5~6个小题。简单的推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话或某段落,要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上,对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理,揭示其深层含义。而较复杂的题目常常在理解全文的内容和结构的基础上,进行逻辑推理。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据,既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说,要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。专题二阅读理解细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题,它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点,推断出文章中具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时,一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,就可作出准确的推断。常见的命题形式有:细节推断题Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat________.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?(2015·高考天津卷,阅读理解C,节选)Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”(奇迹般的)experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.49.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?_______A.Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B.Theauthor’smotherreadthesamebook.C.Theauthor’smotherrewardedhimwithbooks.D.Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.解析:推理判断题。根据本段的倒数第二句话...shewasproudthatherson...authoredhisownbooks...可以得知,作者的妈妈对自己的儿子读了很多书、创作出版了自己写的书、文章、诗歌和小说等感到很自豪,由此可以推知,作者成为了一名成功的作家,A项所述符合题干要求。B项“作者的妈妈读了同样一本书”,C项“作者的妈妈奖励给他书”,D项“作者自那之后度过了很多快乐的暑期”均为干扰项。A名师指津对于细节推断题来说,根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义,还要运用逻辑判断能力,推断出文章更深层的含义。同时还要根据文章内容进行推断,不能凭空猜测。考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上,设身处地地考虑实际情景,并据此展开合理的想象和推理。主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。作者态度或观点的推断该类型题目考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词:①中性词:uninterested(不感兴趣的),neutral(中立的),indifferent(漠不关心的)等;②褒义词:positive(积极的),supportive(支持的),humorous(滑稽有趣的),enthusiastic(热情的),admiring(赞赏的)等;③贬义词:disgusted(厌恶的),critical(批评的),negative(否定的,消极的),disappointed(失望的)等。常见的命题形式有:Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis________.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat________.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?(2015·高考湖北卷,阅读理解E,节选)Onthewhole,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.69.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?_______A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段作者在评价这本书的时候说到“mostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest...arecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.”从这些信息可知,作者对这本书持“批评(critical)”态度,故选D。D名师指津如何解答“心思难猜”的观点态度类推理判断题?1.一般来说,作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词语通常是错误选项,作者既然写文章就不会不关心;2.正确把握文章字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点;3.因为作者往往不直接提出自己的态度或立场,而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性,所以,考生在读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词语,捕捉那些烘托气氛、表达情感的语句。4.要学会区分不同的观点,尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语,出现的观点一般是当事人的观点,而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用inmyview,inmyopinion,personally,Ithink,Ihold等引出。写作意图的推断写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的命题形式有:Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto________.Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.Thewritertalksabout...inorderto________.Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.(2015·高考天津卷,阅读理解D,节选)OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI’veeverhad:Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethan_youaresureyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)—andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight
本文标题:【优化方案】(浙江、江苏)2016高考英语二轮复习-第二部分-题型突破-专题二-阅读理解-第二讲-推
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4163382 .html