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小学英语语法讲解与归纳一般过去时一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:yesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…)lastnight(week,month,year…),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsago…justnow,二.构成及变化1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化肯定句:主语+动词的过去式.IwatchedafilmlastSunday.否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形.Ididn’twatchafilmlastSunday.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形?DidyouwatchafilmlastSunday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以did开头的一般疑问句?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……二.构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构begoingto+动词原形:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿1.begoingto+动词原形1.肯定句主语+be(am/,is,/are)goingto+动词原形+其它成份MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句主语+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+动词原形+其它成份Iamnotgoingto(goto)thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+动词原型+其它成份…?Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?No,heisn’t.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句?WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春节你打算在哪过?5.注意:begoingto结构后面习惯上不跟go,come等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去纽约.2.will/shall+动词原形(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我将给他写信。2.否定句主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其它成份Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow?明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么时侯回来?附:ShallI/we…常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Willyou…?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shallwegotothepark?肯定Sure,let’sgo.否定No,let’sgotothecinema.2.Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.现在进行时一.意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二.构成:be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句:主语+be+现在分词V-ing(+其他)I’mdoingmyhomeworknow.否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing+其他.I’mnotdoingmyhomeworknow.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing+其他?Areyoudoingyourhomeworknow?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?Whatareyoudoingnow?三.现在分词的构成:(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如skate→skatingmake→makingdance→dancingwrite→writinghave→havingride→ridingcome→coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:puttingrunningbeginningstoppingswimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四.时间标志——now,句前的look,listen牛津小学英语教材中的特殊动词过去式全归纳am,is-was,are-were,do-did,go-went,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,swim-swam,sit-satget-got,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,read-read,make-made,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,find-foundtell-toldstand-stoodthink-thoughtbuy-boughtteach-taught一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No.1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebot
本文标题:小学英语语法讲解与归纳
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