果蝇基因组与功能基因研究进展

ChineseJournalofAppliedEntomology20114861559—1572*＊＊100193Drosophilamelanogaster。2000。、Hh、。ProgressinresearchonfunctionalgenesintheDrosophilagenomeLIUSu-NingSHENJie＊＊DepartmentofEntomologyCollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnologyChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100193ChinaAbstractDrosophilaisoneofthemostimportantmodelorganismsinthelifesciences．ThesequencingoftheDrosophilamelanogastergenomecompletedin2000hasprovidedanumberofimportantcontributionstoresearchonthegenomeandfunctionalgenes．InthisreviewwesummarizehistoricallandmarksintheDrosophilagenomewithafocusonfunctionalelementsandcomparativegenomics．RecentfindingsregardingtheHhsignalingpathwayandapoptosisarehighlightedandthemostwidelyusedadvancedexperimentaltechniquesarebrieflyintroduced．KeywordsDrosophilagenomefunctionalgenessignalingpathwayapoptosis*NSFC31071696。＊＊[e-mail]2011-10-062011-10-261Drosophilamelanogaster2000Adamsetal．2000。1。2、、、25℃10d。31002000。4。54180Mb。6、。7、。8。2180Mb31XY120Mb22、3、X4。DNADNADNA。、、·1560·ChineseJournalofAppliedEntomology482007。2.1cDNA。BDGPDrosophilaGeneCollectionDGCcDNA。cDNA。1800002500cDNA32500008921cDNADrysdale2003。GenBank821005http//．ncbi．nlm．nih．gov/nucest。2.298%。1AnnotationJamboree213601Adamsetal．2000。1。Karlin2001Misra2002。313792102rRNA288tRNA23microRNA28snRNA28snoRNA4058RNA7761TransposonInsertionshttp//．fruitfly．org。56131332Smithetal．2007。2.3transposableelementsTEsDNA、、Wessler2006。BiemontandVieira2006。45%0.1%。15%80%Delogeretal．2009。3Kaminker200215004%。Fontanillas2007。Deloger200973%20269。2.42000、MarkowandO’Grady2007。。200712101137.8MbD．mojavensis364MbD．virilis38.9MbD．melanogaster65.4MbD．willistoni。77%12、RNA6·1561·Clarketal．2007。。2011Song1912。2.5modENCODEThemodelorganismEncyclopediaofDNAelementsmodENCODE2007Celnikeretal．2009。http//．modencode．org。modENCODE7003。2010。17000193852914。miRNA、、、82%、Royetal．2010。2.6cis-regulatoryelementsDNA。promoter、enhancer、silencerinsulatorRiethoven2010。RNA。TATA-BoxTATAStruhletal．1998。Hoskins20113CAGE、RACE、EST3CAGE。。DNA5'3'。Nobregaetal．2003、Siepeletal．2005。OgbourneandAntalis1998。。CCCTCMoonetal．2005。Negre2010ChIP-chip614000。Schuettengruberetal．2007Zeitlingeretal．2007Lietal．2008MacArthuretal．2009Zinzenetal．2009Filionetal．2010Negreetal．2010。modENCODENegre2011313537、2307、14450CBP7685385625.2%8·1562·ChineseJournalofAppliedEntomology48highoccupancytargetHOT。3。1HhFig．1TheschematicdiagramofHhsignalingpathwayYuetal．2008、Arbeitmanetal．2002、Starketal．2006Wilsonetal．2008、Mulderetal．2002、Pruittetal．2007Johnsonetal．2008。、、、、、。。3.1Hh。、、、。。Decapentaplegic、Wingless、Hippo、Notch、JAK/STAT、JNKHedgehogHh。。HhHh。HhhhHhSkinnyHedgehogSkiN6·1563·C2HhHhDispatchedDisp。HhDally-likeDally-likeEXTTout-veluSisteroftout-veluBrotheroftout-veluIhogInterferencehedgehogBoiBrotherofihogHh。HhPatchedPtc。HhPtcHh。SmoothenedSmoPtcCostal2FusedSuppressoroffusedCubitusinterruptusCiCiHh。HhPtcSmoCiPKA、CK1、GSK3HhGallet2011Inghametal．2011。Hh1。Hh。2008CassoHhmicrotubulestarmtssecondmitoticwavemissingswmHhmtsPP2ACHhswmHh。2010CampHhIhogBoiHhIhogBoiSmo。Gprk2G2HhMolnaretal．2007SmoHhChenetal．2010。Biehs201052Hh。2011DuRNAidUba3dUbc12Hh2CiHh。3.2apoptosisprogrammedcelldeath。。caspases7Kumar2007droncDorstynetal．1999、dcp-1Songetal．1997、DrICEFraserandEvan1997Fraseretal．1997。IAPsDiap1Hayetal．1995Meieretal．2000Zachariouetal．2003。pro-apoptoticproteinsRHGDiap1Diap1Yooetal．2002。DroncArkDorstynetal．1999Dcp-1DrICE。RHG6reaperWhiteetal．1994、hidGretheretal．1995、grimChenetal．1996、jafrac2Tenevetal．2002、sickleChristichetal．2002、HtrA2Challaetal．2007。HtrA2HtrA2Diap1DroncDiap1Challaetal．2007Igakietal．2007。Diap1HtrA2HtrA2Khanetal．2008。HtrA2Khanetal．2008。4IAPDiap1、Diap2、dBruce、Deterin。Diap1。IAPdBruce。2007AramadBruceE3。2011DominquesRyoodBruceReaperReaper。。Hou2008dBruce。·1564·ChineseJournalofAppliedEntomology48。2010KimCaspaseDcp-172Dcp-1Dcp-1Dcp-1dcp-1dcp-1。JNK。Hsp60DHsp60DDiap1AryaandLakhotia2008。STAT92EDiap1Betzetal．2008。emperor’thumb2Diap1Ribayaetal．2009。。JNK。2009TiwariRoyRab11Rab11rpr、hidgrimJNKRab11Rab11JNK。、、。LiuFinley2010Faradji2011Cyclins2CyclinYCyclinG。E-cadherinMyosinIIWidmannandDahmann2009a2009b。75%Reiteretal．2001。Alietal．2011Gouzietal．2011Tareetal．2011Willeckeetal．2011。。4PRubinandSpradling1982Gal4－UASBrandandPerrimon1993Flp-FRTXuandRubin1993、RNABelles2010。。4.1。P。1991Spradlingetal．1999Bellenetal．2004P。Bellenetal．2011。piggyBacsHandlerandHarrell1999、MinosMetaxakisetal．2005。Gene-TRAPEnhancedGFP、。Skarnesetal．1992Lukacsovichetal．2001BoninandMann2004。4.2genetargeting2000RongGolicRongandGolic2000GongandRong2003。、Flp-FRT2“End-out”、“End-in”VenkenandBellen2005WesolowskaandRong2010。DNADonor———6·1565·doublestrandbreakDSBVenkenandBellen2005。RongGolic2000I-SceII-CreI2。。Beumer2006。Gao2008phiC31End-in。。4.3Heat-shock、Gal4-UAS、Flp-FRT。Heat-shock。Wilder2000。Gal4-UASBrandandPerrimon1993Gal4PUASGal4-UASMcGuireetal．2004。Flp-FRTFlpFRT。。TARGETtemporalandregionalgeneexpressiontargetingGal80Gal4Gal4UASGal80Gal80tsGal80temperature-sensitiveGal4-UASGal80ts18℃Gal80tsGal4-UAS29℃Gal80tsGal4-UASMcGuireetal．2004。4.4TILLINGtargeting-inducedlocallesionsingenomesHenikoffetal．2004Stemple2004McC