直接引语和间接引语互换的----原则

直接引语和间接引语互换的原则直接引语间接引语人称Iweheorshethey时态（在主句是过去时的条件下）一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时一般将来时过去完成时过去进行时canmaymust一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时不变不变couldmighthadto指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowthismorningtoday/tonightYesterdaylastmonth(week/year…)thedaybeforeyesterdayagotomorrownextmonth(week/year…)thedayaftertomorrowthenthatmorningthatday/thatnightthedaybeforethemonth(week/year…)beforetwodaysbeforebeforethenext(following)daythenext(following)month(week/year…)intwodays地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake直接引语和间接引语互换的方法：I.主句是一般现在时，在转换成间接引语时，需做人称转换，而指示代词，时间状语，地点状语，动词，时态不必转换。（1）直接引语是陈述句。Hesays:”Iamtirednow.”----Hesays(that)heistirednow.（2）引语是一般疑问句，在变间接引语时要把一般疑问句改成陈述句式，在前面加上if或whether。Heasks:”Isitfinetoday?”----Heasksifitisfinetoday.Theteacheraskshim:”Willyoubebacktoday?”Theteacheraskshimwhetherhewillbebacktoday.（3）如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语，仍用原来的疑问词，但要把原来的疑问句语序改成陈述句语序。Marysays:”Whowantstodoit?”Maryaskswhowantstodoit.Heasks:”Mary,whichgroupareyoudoingtotake?”HeasksMarywhichgroupsheisgoingtotake.II．主句是一般过去时，则须进行相应的变动。（1）直接引语是陈述句。Hesaid:”Igetonwellwiththepeoplehere.”Hesaid(that)hegotonwellwiththepeoplethere.Johnsaidtome:”Youcanhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.”Johntoldme(that)Icouldhandinmyhomeworkthenextday.（2）直接引语是一般疑问句。Hesaid:”Areyoubusynow?”---HeaskedifIwasbusythen.Sheasked:”Doyouwantmetocomenextweek?”SheaskedwhetherIwantedhertogothenextweek.（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句。Heasked:”Whatareyoudoing?”---HeaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Heasked:”Whoisthemannearthewindow?”Heaskedwhothemannearthewindowwas.注意：1)直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesroundtheearth.”Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.Theteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.2)直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如：Shesaid,“IwenttoEnglandin1998.”ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.3)主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。Hesays,“Iboughtyouabookyesterday.”Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.句式上的变化注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。1)陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接,that无实际意义，可省略。例Lanasaid,“IammadatMarcia.”Lanasaid(that)shewasmadatMarcia.Hesaid,“WearegoodatEnglish.”Hesaid(that)theyweregoodatEnglish.Shesaidtome,“Shedoesherhomeworkeverynight.”Shetoldme(that)shedidherhomeworkeverynight.Hesaid,“Igotoschoolbybus.”Hesaid(that)hewenttoschoolbybus.2)一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。例Sheaskedme,“AreyouMr.Li?”SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.Sheaskedus,“doyouwanttogoonapicnic?”Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.3)特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。例“Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,”Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.Heaskedme,“Whattimeisitnow?”Heaskedmewhattimeitwasthen.4)祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改：said(to)改为asked或told二变：saidto的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式四去：去掉please例Hesaidtoher,“Don'ttakethebookaway,please.”Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.Hesaidtome,“Pleasedoitagain.”Hetold/askedmetodoitagain.Theteachersaid,“Don'ttalkinclass,Tom.”Theteachertold/askedTomnottotalkinclass.注意：if和whether都可译为“是否”，二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换，口语中多用if代替whether。而以下几种情况中,只能用whether:1.强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有ornot时。如：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.2.宾语从句前置时。如：Whetherthisistrue,Ican'tsay.3.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.（主语从句）Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.（表语从句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.（同位语从句）4.在介词之后作介词的宾语时。如：Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'llgobackhome.5.在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.值得注意的是：if还可以引导条件状语从句，是“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，是“不管；无论”之意。如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Ishallgo,whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.直接引语变间接引证专题练习1．填空：1.Isaid,IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.I________________________toimprove______English.2.Tomsaid,IwillhaveapleasanttripinQingdaothisvacation.Tomsaidthat__________________apleasanttripinQingdao____________.3.Lucysaid,Iwillhelpoutmymotherathometonight.Lucysaidthat__________________out_____motherathome____________.4.Damingsaidtome,Helpyourselftosomefish,please.Daming______me____________tosomefish.5.IsaidtoTracy,Goonpractising,please.I________________________onpracticing.6.MothersaidtoJill,Don'tleaveyoursisteralone.Mother______Jill____________leave______sisteralone.7.IsaidtoTony,Don'tbelatenexttime.I______Tony__________________latenexttime.8.Myfathersaidtomybrother,Canyouhelpmewashthetent?Myfather______mybrother__________________help______washthetent.9.IsaidtoPeter,Haveyoureceivedyoursister'sletter?I______Peter______________________________sister'sletter.10.IsaidtoMarry,Howoftendoyougotothepianolesson?I______Marry____________she____________thepianolesson.11.Weaskedtheboys,Howlonghaveyoulearnttocooksimpledishes?We______theboys______________________________tocooksimpledishes.12.IsaidtoMike,Whenwillyoucomehere?I______Mike________________________二、把下列的句子变成间接引语：1.“I'mleavingforLondonnextweek.”Mysistersaidtome.2.Johnsaid,“Mr.Smithhascomehere.”3.Shesaid,“Doyouwantmetohelpyou?”4.“Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimatlast?”Shesaid.5.Mumsaid,“CanyouspeakEnglish?”6.“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”Heaskedtheboy.7.“Don'tworry.”Themothersaidtothechildren.8.Hesaid,“Pleasegivemeabook.”三、把下列句子变成直接引语：1.Shetoldustostopwritingand