(湖北专版)2014高考英语大二轮 阅读理解 第4讲 “错综复杂”的文章结构题专题复习课件

第四讲“错综复杂”的文章结构题1．所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的论述层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行归纳和总结的能力。2．文章结构题的题干表现形式：(1)Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?(2)Inthenextpart，whatwouldtheauthormostprobablydiscuss?(3)Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby...(4)Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?(2013·陕西卷)Accordingtosociologists(社会学家)，everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification(阶层)．Class，powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople’srankinsociety.Classmeansaperson’seconomicpositioninsociety.Acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass，middleclassandupperclass.Whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined，theydodescribesocietiesliketheUnitedStatesquitewell.Onestudyshowsthat53%ofAmericansbelongtothelowerclass,46%themiddleclass，and1%theupperclass.Interestingly，asurgeonearning$500,000ayearandabusdriverearning$50,000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass!Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.Obviously，peopleinpositionsofgreatpower(suchasgovernors)exercise(行使)bigpower，butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower.Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand，however.Forexample，thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower，butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding(相应的)economicclass.Generally，however，thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass.Toourknowledge，therearen’ttoomanypeoplewhoaren’tmillionairesintheUSSenate!Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson’spositioninsociety.Itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass，butnotnecessarilyso.Forexample，auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers.语篇解读社会学家认为，每一个现代工业社会的阶层是由经济、权力和地位等所决定的。1．Whatcanwelearnabout“themiddleclass”fromParagraph2?A．Peopleearning$50,000ayearbelongtothemiddleclass.B．NearlyhalfAmericansbelongtothemiddleclass.C．Peoplegenerallyconsiderbusdriversasthemiddleclass.D．Sociologistshaveacleardefinitionofthemiddleclass.解析：细节理解题。由第二段第四句可知，46%的美国人属于中产阶级，即接近一半的美国人属于中产阶级。答案：B2．Accordingtothetext，weknowthat________.A．powerandclassdonotalwayscorrespondwitheachotherB．statusreferstoaperson’seconomicpositioninsocietyC．peoplewithhighstatushavealotofcontroloverothersD．classislessimportantindecidingaperson’ssocialrank解析：细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand，however.”以及第四句所举的例子可知，权力和经济实力并不总是相一致。答案：A3．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?(P：Paragraph)解析：推理判断题。从整篇文章来看，作者采用先整体概括，再分段论述的写作方法。答案：A1．了解文章的大致框架是突破文章结构题的关键。对文章的分段方法有：(1)按事情发展的顺序；(2)按时间的先后顺序；(3)按地点或空间位置的变换；(4)按内容的总分关系；(5)按人物的活动内容。2．针对此类题，考生应做到：一读，就是通读全文；二想，就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归，就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起，成为一个大段；四查，就是再把各段段意连起来，看是否能构成一个连贯的整体；五选，就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。例如真题示例第3题，文章第一段总述了三个方面(class，power，status)在定义阶层中的作用，第二段(class)、第三段(power)和第四段(status)分别叙述了它们的作用，文章结构为总—分式，所以选择A项。(2013·山东省济南一中等四校高三下学期联考)AccordingtobodylanguageexpertRobertPhipps，thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave.Phippshasidentifiedfoursleepingpositionsthataffectpersonality.Phippsfoundthatworriers，thosewhostressthemost，tendtosleepinthefetal(胎儿的)position.Hefoundthatthisisthemostcommonbedtimeposition，withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown.Themorewecurlup(蜷曲)，themorecomfortweareseeking，accordingtoPhipps.Thesecondmostcommonpositionisthelog.Sleepingwithastraightbody，witharmsateachside，asiftheyarestandingguardatBuckinghamPalace，indicatesstubbornness，andthesepeople(the28percentwhosleepthisway)oftenwakeupstifferthanwhentheywenttosleep.“Thelongeryousleeplikethis，themorerigidyourthinkingisandyoucanbecomeinflexible，whichmeansyoumakethingsharderforyourself，”accordingtoPhipps.Yearner(向往型)sleepersarenextonthelist.About25percentofpeoplesleepinthisstyle—ontheirsidewitharmsstretchedoutinfront，lookingasiftheyareeitherchasingadreamorperhapsbeingchasedthemselves.Yearnersaretypicallytheirownworstcritics，alwaysexpectingthebestresults，explainedPhipps.Thesepeopleoftenwakeuprefreshedandeagertofacethechallengesofthedayahead.Perhapsthemostpeculiar(奇怪的)ofsleepstylesisthefreefallerposition.Thissleepstylemakesup17percentofthepopulation.Theysleepfacedownwitharmsstretchedout.Thesepeople，accordingtoPhipps，feelliketheyhavelittlecontrolovertheirlife.Notonlyisthisthestrangestofsleepstyles，butalsotheleastcomfortable，andpeoplemaywakeupfeelingtiredandhavenoenergy.Inconclusion，Phippshasonlyonemorethingtoadd：“Agoodnight’ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayandoursleepingpositionscandeterminehowwefeelwhenwewake.”语篇解读本文为说明文。肢体语言专家发现，人们睡觉的姿势实际上揭示了很多个性类型的信息。1．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AGoodNight’sSleepSetsYouUpfortheFollowingDayB．YourPersonalityDependsaLotonHowYouSleepatNightC．HowYouSleepatNightAffectsWhatYouDotheNextDayD．WhichSleepingPositionHelpsYouSleepComfortably解析：考查主旨大意。根据本文的主题句中的“thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonlitytheyhave”可知，本文主要讲的是“一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上决定了这个人的个性特点。”答案：B2．Whichofthefollowingpicturesisthefetalposition?解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown”可知，“胎儿睡姿”的姿势是“侧躺，头朝下、膝盖往上蜷成一团”，故选D项。答案：D3．Theunderlinedword“rigid”