年产10w吨乙苯合成工艺及生产装置危险性分析

2014届毕业设计（论文）题目：年产10万吨乙苯合成工艺和生产装置危险性分析专业：安全工程班级：XXX姓名：XXX指导老师：XXX起讫日期：XXX2014年6月Ⅰ年产10万吨乙苯合成工艺和生产装置危险性分析摘要本文从近年来国内外乙苯生产的发展趋势以及安全现状方面出发，对年产10万吨乙苯合成工艺和生产装置进行了危险性分析。介绍了烷基化生产乙苯的生产工艺，分析了工艺过程物料及产品的危险性，在乙烯、苯及乙苯三种主要物质中苯的毒性最大，而乙烯的爆炸危险性则较大；同时对工艺所涉及的烷基化、烷基转移、苯回收、乙苯回收和多乙苯回收五个单元采用危险与可操作性性研究，探讨了引起烷基化和烷基转移反应失控型火灾爆炸事故的工艺偏差和原因，发现温度和流量是重要的工艺偏差，并提出了应急对策；对泄漏型火灾、反应失控型火灾和由于腐蚀引起的事故进行了装置事故模式分析，探讨了引起以上两类事故的主要原因，并提出了相应的安全对策措施；重点应用目前已经较为成熟的道化学火灾爆炸危险指数法，对生产过程中的烷基化反应器和烷基转移反应器两个单元进行了火灾爆炸危险评价，确定了各单元的危险等级，发现烷基化单元的火灾爆炸危险指数较大，处于最大危险级，但进过安全补偿措施后，其危险性明显下降，成为安全级。关键词：乙苯危险性分析危险与可操作性性研究道化学火灾爆炸危险指数法事故模式分析ⅡHazardanalysisofsynthesisprocessandproductionequipmentofanannualoutputof100000tonsethylbenzeneAbstractInthispaper，fromthepointofthedevelopmenttendencyandsafesituationofthedomesticandinternationalethylbenzeneproductioninrecentyears.theprocesshazardanalysisandproductionequipmentthatcarriesoutanalysisoffireexplosionriskfor100,000tonsofethylbenzenesynthesishasbeendone.Describestheproductionofethylbenzenealkylationproductionprocess,afireandexplosionhazardanalysisprocessmaterialsandproducts;whileusinghazardandoperabilitystudies,exploresthecausesalkylationandtransalkylationreactionrunawaytypeprocessdeviationsandcauseofthefireexplosion,andproposedemergencyresponse.Analysistheleakfire,runawayreactionfireandcorrosionduetoanaccidentarisingoutoftheaccidentpatternanalysisunit,andproposedemergencyresponse.Usingtherelativelywell-knownDOW’sindexfireexplosionhazardmethod,fireexplosionriskassessmentforthetwounitsofalkylationandtransalkylationduringintheproductionpresshavebeencarriedout,andhavedeterminedthefireexplosionhazardgradeofeachunit.Ifoundthatalkylationunithasalargerfireandexplosionhazardindex,butafterdoingsecurecompensationmeasures,thedangerdecreasedshapelyanditbecomesafe.Keywords:Ethylbenzene;riskanalysis;HAZOP;Dow;accidentmodelanalysis目录摘要.................................................................................................................................ⅠAbstract.............................................................................................................................Ⅱ第1章绪论.......................................................................................................................11.1引言..................................................................................................................................11.2研究现状..........................................................................................................................11.3研究步骤..........................................................................................................................21.3.1危险、有害因素识别............................................................................................21.3.2确定危险性分析单元............................................................................................21.3.3选择相应的危险性分析方法................................................................................21.4研究内容..........................................................................................................................21.5危险性分析评价方法概述..............................................................................................31.5.1定性分析评价.......................................................................................................31.5.2定量分析评价.......................................................................................................3第2章乙苯生产技术简介...........................................................................................52.1乙苯工艺简介..................................................................................................................52.1.1工艺流程说明.......................................................................................................52.2烷基化反应原理及影响因素..........................................................................................62.2.1烷基化反应原理...................................................................................................62.2.2烷基化反应的影响因素.......................................................................................72.3烷基转移反应的原理及影响因素..................................................................................82.3.1烷基转移的反应机理...........................................................................................82.3.2烷基转移反应的影响因素...................................................................................9第3章合成工艺危险有害因素辨识及装置事故模式分析............................103.1工艺物料危险性............................................................................................................103.1.1乙烯.....................................................................................................................103.1.2苯.........................................................................................................................113.1.3乙苯.....................................................................................................................113.2原料和产物火灾爆炸危险性.........................................................................