洛阳牡丹(英文)

LuoyangPeonyByLiuXiaoluFirstpartBriefIntroductionTheDevelopmentofpeonyThesymbolofthepeonyBriefIntroduction•Peony,afloweringplantuniqueinChina,isakindofdeciduous(每年落叶的)sub-shrub(灌木)ofcommonpeonygenus(种),buttercupfamily(毛茛科),growsinhillyareasofShaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan,ShandongandHenanprovince.•Itseveralnames:ShrubbyShaoyao(orTree-Peony);Luoyangflower;Grain-rain(4月20日)flowerandWealth&HonorFlower.DevelopmentBetweenthefirstandsecondcentury:Firstrecordedinwrittenformin“ShenNong’herbalclassic”Sincethe5thor6thcenturyintheperiodofSouthern-and-NorthernDynasty:Treatedasanornamental(装饰的)plantandpaintedinChinesepaintings.BegintobegrownintheSuiDynasty.PopularintheTangDynastyTheirflowerwereknownas“thefinestoftheirkind”intheSongDynasty.WealthandHonorluckprosperity富贵吉祥，繁荣昌盛PeonyFlowersinLuoyang,Finestunderheaven.A.Firstofall,itisrelatedtothedevelopedgardensandwoodsinancientLuoyang.B.Secondly,itisduetothetraditionofbeingfondofflowersbythelocalpeople.C.Thethird,itisbecauseofthefavorablenaturalconditions.D.Thefourth,anumberofwell-knownChinesepoems,proseandstoriesfromathousandyearsagomightbeofhelptospreadthereputationofthepeonyfarandwide.•WhyandhowdopeoniesofLuoyangbecomethefinestonearth?SecondpartA.Inthepastthousandsofyears,LouyanghasbeenthecentreofChina,LuoyangwasthecapitalofChinathen,Emperors,ministers（大臣）,generalsandnobility（贵族）ofeachdynastywhohadgreatdemandforgardensandwoodsintheirpleasuretripsalllivedhere,andinaddition,lotsofmenoflettersandrefinedscholarsbuilttheirresidencesandvillasinLouyang,andtreesandflowersareneeded.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,fromHantoSong,palaces,residencesandgardensbuiltforemperors,bureaucrats(官僚),nobility,scholarsandmerchants(商人),becamescenesofmajestyandmagnificencewithstreetsandavenuesradiated(辐射)tovariousdirectionsinLuoyang.TheonlyjoyousdayforhumanbeingsistheColdFoodFestival,whilethecelebratedgardensontheeartharemostlyinLouyong.•ShaoYong(邵雍),thegreatphilosopherintheNorthernSongdynasty.•人间佳节惟寒食，天下明园重洛阳B.ThetraditionofbeingfondofpeoniesAccordingtocertainhistorybooks,duringtheNorthernSong,peoniesweregrownineveryhomeinLuoyang.Thelocalresidentsregardedpeonyastheonlyworthwhilefloweringplantunderheaven,whileshowingcontempttoothers.Sopeonyhasanothername:LuoyangFlower.Duringthefloweringseasonallparksinthecitywouldbecrowdedwithvisitors.《买花》白居易帝城春欲暮，喧喧车马度。共道牡丹时，相随买花去。贵贱无常价，酬直看花数：灼灼百朵红，戋戋五束素。上张幄幕庇，旁织笆篱护。水洒复泥封，移来色如故。家家习为俗，人人迷不悟。有一田舍翁，偶来买花处。低头独长叹，此叹无人喻。一丛深色花，十户中人赋！BuyingFlowersDuringthelatespringintheimperialcapital,peoplewentbyhorseandcarriagewithjoyfulbustle,talkingaboutpeoniesinthegardensandmarkets,wheretheywouldgoforenjoyingandbuyingflowers…Allgreatfamilyhavetheircustomtobuypeonyflowerswithoutpondering（考虑）thepriceverymuch,andareenchanted（着魔）withpeonies.C.TheFavorableNaturalConditions•Luoyang,whichislocatedinthemiddlepartofChina,isendowedwithfertilesoil,moderaterainfallandmildclimate.•ThesoilandclimateofLouyangismostlysuitableforflowers,ofwhichpeonyisexotic（奇异的）andrareunderheavenD.AnumberofChinesepoems,prose（散文）andstoriesofthepeony•Accordingto“thechronicle（编年史）ofChinesepeony,thereare500poems,90songsand78proseonpeoniescomposedby230poetsandprosers,whofullyexpressedtheirfeelingsforpeonies.FromtheancientworkswecanseethecloserelationshipbetweenpeonyandChinesetraditionalcultureaswellasitscharmagainstalltheotherflowers.ThefamousTangpoetBaiJuyiardently(热烈的）lovedfloweringplantsespeciallypeonies.Helivedinluoyangfor18yearsandgrewpeoniesinhiscountyard.DuringhisstayinLouyang,hewroteanumberofpoemspraisingthepeony,andsome100ofthemarehandeddowntothisday.Oneofthemreads,“Xishiisthegreatestbeautyofalltimes,andpeonythequeenofallflowers.”(绝代只西子，众芳惟牡丹）BaialsoorganizedaPeony-bloomPoetryClubsothatheandhispoet-friendscouldoftengettogethertoenjoyandcomposepoemstosingthepraisesofthepeony.Itissaidthatthepoem,Thepeony,theintoxicating(醉人的)beauty,neverfailstocreateafuror(骚乱)intheimperialcitywhenitbeginstobloom.(唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城)-wascomposedrightinBai’countyardbyLiuyuxi（刘禹锡）,oneofhispoet-friends.AmongagreatnumberofpoetsintheTangandSongtimes，OuyangXiuwastheonewhocomposedthemostpoemstopraisepeony.HelovedthepeoniesofLuoyangverymuchallhislifeandcomposedlargenumberofworksaboutthepeony.Inhis“NotesonthePeoniesofLuoyang”(洛阳牡丹记）,hevividlydescribedthelocalvarietiesandtheirorigins.Comparingthemwiththosegrownelsewhere,hewrotewithadmiration“ThebeautyofLuoyangpeoniescannotbeequatedwiththoseofanywhereelseinthecountry.Sincethen,thereputation,“PeonyFlowersintheLuoyang,Finestunderheaven”hasbeenspreadfarandwide.intoxicatingbeautywithmagicperfume.国色天香Therearealsosomemovingstoriestopublicizethepeony.DuringtheTangDynasty,ascholarnamedLiZhengfeng（李正封）wroteapoeminpraiseofthepeony,inwhichhesaid,Itlookslikeadrunkenbeautyinthemorning,wrappedinathinsilkrobe(长袍)andscentedwithmagicperfumeintheevening.（国色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣）.EmperorXuanZongspokehighlyofthepoemandregardeditasavividdescriptionofhisfavoriteconcubineYangYu-huanwhenshewasabittipsy(微醉).Fromthenon,thepeonyhaswontheHonorofintoxicatingbeautywithmagicperfume.PartThreeDifferentvarietiesofLuoYangpeony•Intotaltherea