煤矿35KV变电所设计

摘要变电所是电力系统的枢纽环节，由变压器，母线和开关设备等电气设备按一定的结线方式所构成，他从电力系统取得电能，进行电压变换和分配，然后将电能安全、可靠、合理的供给不同的用电场所和电力设备。变电所设计的主要任务是根据变电所担负的任务及用户负荷情况等，选择所址，对用户的负荷进行统计、分析计算，确定用户无功功率补偿装置。进行变压器选择，确定变电站的结线方式，进行短路电流计算，选择变配电开关设备，绘制变电所平面布置图。本变电所的初步设计包括：总体方案的确定；负荷分析；短路电流的计算；配电系统设计与系统接线方案选择；变电所高压进线、一次设备和低压出线的选择；防雷与接地保护等内容。【关键词】：变电所设计；负荷的计算；变压器选择；开关设备选择；线路设计；防雷设计。AbstractThetransformersubstationisthepivotlinksofthepowersystem,bythevoltagetransformer,electricequipmentsuchasbusbarandswitchgearformaccordingtocertainknotlineway,hemakeelectricenergyfrompowersystem,carryonvoltagevaryandassign,electricenergysafe,reliable,reasonablesupplydifferentpowerconsumingplaceandelectricapparatus.Themaintaskofsubstationdesignisbasedonthetasksandsubstationloadsandotherusers,selecttheaddressoftheuser'sloadofstatistics,analysisandcalculationtodeterminethereactivepowercompensationdeviceusers.Transformerselection,determinetheend-linesubstation,theshort-circuitcurrentcalculation,selectthepowerdistributionswitchgear,substationfloorplandrawing.Thepreliminarydesignofthesubstation,including:thedeterminationoftheoverallprogram;loadanalysis;short-circuitcurrentcalculation;distributionsystemdesignandsystemwiringschemeselection;substationhighvoltageintotheline,aselectionofequipmentandlow-voltageoutlet;lightningprotectionandgroundprotectionandsoon.【Keywords】:substationdesign;loadcalculation;transformerselection;switchingequipmentselection;circuitdesign;lightningprotectiondesign.目录第一章绪论.......................................................11.1煤矿变配电所的设计...........................................11.1.1电力系统基础...........................................11.1.2煤矿配电所的设计原则...................................21.2课题来源及设计背景...........................................21.2.1课题来源...............................................21.2.2设计背景...............................................2第二章变电所负荷计算和变压器的选择...........................42.1变电站的负荷计算.............................................42.1.1全矿负荷统计..........................................42.1.2各低压变压器的选择及其损耗计算........................62.2主变压器的选择原则..........................................82.3煤矿地面主变电所变压器台数的选择原则.........................92.4主变压器容量的选择...........................................92.5功率因数补偿的目的和方案....................................102.6无功补偿的计算及设备选择....................................10第三章主接线方案的确定........................................133.1主接线的基本要求............................................133.2电气主接线的设计原则.......................................143.3主接线的方案与分析..........................................153.3.1单母线接线............................................153.3.2单母线分段主接线......................................153.4电气主接线的确定............................................16第四章短路电流的计算...........................................184.1短路电流及其计算............................................184.1.1短路的种类............................................184.1.2短路的原因............................................184.1.3短路的危害............................................184.1.4计算短路电流的目的....................................184.1.5计算短路电流..........................................19第五章变电所电气设备的选择....................................265.1架空线路和35kV母线的选择...................................265.2电缆进线的选择..............................................265.2.16kV电缆线路选择....................................265.2.26kV架空线路选择...................................2885.3母线支柱绝缘子和穿墙套管的选择.............................285.4变电所一次设备的选择.......................................295.4.1高压断路器的选择.....................................295.4.2高压隔离开关的选择...................................305.4.3电流互感器的选择.....................................315.4.4电压互感器和高压熔断器的选择.........................315.4.5高压开关柜的选择.....................................325.4.635kV避雷器的选择.....................................335.5低压出线的选择..............................................335.5.1低压母线桥的选择.....................................335.5.2低压母线的选择.......................................34第6章变电所防雷与接地方案的设计.............................356.1变电所的过电压保护.........................................356.1.1线路防雷.............................................356.1.2变电所直击雷防护.....................................356.2避雷针的接地...............................................356.3防雷的接地设计.............................................35第7章变电所的平面布置........................................377.1变电所位置选择.............................................377.2配电室建筑要求.............................................377.3控制室布置.................................................38参考文献...........................................................40致谢...............................................................41附表...............................................................421第一章绪论1.1煤矿变配电所的设计1.1.1电力系统基础由发电厂、电力网与电能用户（电力负荷）所组成的整体，叫电力系统，它的任务是生产、变换、传输、分配与消费电能。当今社会，电能的利用已经远远超出作为机械动力的范围，电力工业已经成为现代国民经济的基础，世界上按人口平均的用电量是反映一个国家现代化的主要指标。1.大型电力用户供电系统大型电力用户的供电系统，采用电源电压等级为35kV，经主变电所和车间变电所两级变压。主变电所将35KV电压变为6-10kV电压，然后经配电线路引至各个车间变电所，车间变电所再将6-10KV电压变为220/380V/660V/1140V的低电压供用电设备使用。某些矿区环境和设备条件许可的大型电力用户也有采用所谓“高压深入负荷中心”的供电方式，即35kV的