双轴跟踪碟式太阳能集热器的研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文双轴跟踪碟式太阳能集热器的研究姓名：王尚文申请学位级别：硕士专业：热能工程指导教师：高伟;黄树红20070129I500W1m()VCIIAbstractAboutenergyconsumption,thereissameproblemsuchasEnergyshortage,Environmentalpollution,andthefossilsourcesdringup.Inthiscase,itisveryimportanttodevelopandutilizerenewableenergy.Solarenergyhavesomeadvantages,forexamplelimitlessreserves,distributingeverywhere,cleannessandeconomical.SoitisthewaytosolveEnergyshortage,Environmentalpollution,andgreenhouseeffecttodevelopandutilizerenewableenergy,andishumanperfectreplaceablesources.Solarenergyutilizationmeansandstatusareintroduced,onthisbase,thedish-stirlingsolarpowergenerationsystemisproposed.Thesystem’selectricpoweris500W,thesolarconcentrator’sdiameteris1meter,useselevation-azimuthtow-axessun-trackequipment.Thissystem’scharacteristicislowpower,simpleconfiguration,highefficiency,lowcost.Itisverysuitabletosomeplaces,whereisoutofthewayarea,plain,desertandsomeplacewithoutelectricity.Thelowpowersystemwouldusetolightanddailyelectricityforadoor.Itcouldimprovethisplacepeoplestandardofliving.Inthepaper,somepartisaboutthetow-axessun-trackequipment.Towstepcommixsuntracksystemispresented.Whichincludesprogramcontrolandsensortrack.ThetrackcontrolsoftwarewhichisdevelopwithVC,accountthesunmovingcontrail,couldfinishprogramcontrol.Thetracksystemcouldtrackthesunall-weather,enhancetheconcentratortemperatureandthegenerationelectricityefficiency.KeywordSolarenergySolarthermalpowergenerationStirlingcycleConcentratorProgramcontrolSensortrack□______□“√”111.11.1.12004[1]2001102.420251622001-202554%BP2006[2]406516213.6%80155050%40%70%5-101.1.22901.1.3200025630t19.7%3720t14.5%78%83.1kWh6.17%[3],1.2()1.5,1.71118200522820061131.21.2.13.751026W2270%1.051018kWh500[4][5]1.2.2Isc1.47108km1.52108km3241353w/m2m101325Pa01060m=21-1AOOOAS1()secsinzOAmhOAhθ′===(1-1)1-11.2.3m=1SSOAOm=1/sinhh5,,3.31038.4106kJ/cm2a,[6]32003300h6.701068.37106kJ/(cm2a)225285kg,30003200h5.861066.70106kJ/(cm2a),200225kg22003000h5.021065.86106kJ/(cm2a)170200kg14002200h4.191065.02105kJ/(cm2a)140170kg10001400h3.351064.19106kJ/(cm2a),115140kg,2000h5.86106kJ/(cm2a),,2/3,,1.2.461-2[7]1-2()308013035035071.31.3.1-1001.3.235[8]81.41.4.13[9]-[17]10-100400354MW390LUZ198414MW30MW80MWLUZ(4m)2499m80MW850680m680m391100Rankine38.4%24%14%1984LUZ6000$/kW3000$/kW9300-1500150019811826200m21MW5124.8MW10MW1982290000m290.8m51811.7MW6%8.2%1998202kW50kW800AdvancoMcDonnellDouglas4SAIC/STMSESWGASBP[18]101.4.2[19][8]10MWI290000m21818()13122.5W39.9m2[20]110.01[21][8][19][19][22][21]-[8][23][24][25][26][27]1.5500W1.61222.12.1.16000K22-11390000km12700km2-11.39106km1.5108km2-12[28]585.9510sin0.004671.510δ×==×(2-1)16δ′∴=323213AOC2-2FFBOFf2-32-22-32-32-42-432x,yx,y24yfx=x,yAOCFAOCFyxWf(x,y)142tan16WR′=2-2Rcos,sin,xfRyRφφ=−=2tan161cosfRφ′=+2-24tan161cosfWφ′=+2-3φmaxmax0,φφφφ==2-3fB2.2.2[29]CGCECGAbArbGrACA=CEIrIbbErICI=GECCGECC=EopGCCη=2-415opηopηρταγρταγ=−−−−−−;;2-5DBBDf=2-522142214GBBCddππ==2-5Bd2-5sin16rl′=2-6sin162sin16cos(16)cos(16)(1cos)cos(16)rlfRφφφφ′′===′′′++++2-74sin162(1cos)cos(16)fdRφφ′==′++2-8yxRrl16GCGC2cos(16)2sinsincos(16)GlBlCdφφφφ+′===+GxC=sincos(16)coscos(16)sinsin(16)cos(216)xxφφφφφφφ′=+′′′′=+−+=+0x′=xcos(216)0,21690,44.8745φφφ′′+=+==≈max45φ=0.61fm=max11434,GC=2.2[30](Rankine)(Brayton)(Strirling)2-6[31]()()()()()2-6()172-7[29]2-7150[32]2-82-818abcd2-9a()b()c()d()e()f()2-9123456S/KJKT/K191916·[33]402-102-10[34]2-11P-VT-S(1)20(2)(3)(4)1432VPST1234TminTmax2-11P-VT-S212.32.42235003-1ABAB3-1233.1B1m3-2:3-2224,,ypzfzpf==1m2maxmax0.5,4yyzf==,max11434GC=f=0.61mzmax=0.102mS=0.785m2L=3.14m224xyfz+=S()()()()()22221122221222222112211()2xyfffffSzzdxdyxydxdyrrdrrdrfπθπ=++++∫∫∫∫∫∫∫20.5000.502==d1+=21+1+=0.82mL(3-1)mm2414140.52120202201()2111ln(1)2fffLLdsydyftdttttt==++++++∫∫∫==2=0.604m100mm100mm,20=7.9103kg/m35mm30mm3140mmV=4.7110-4m3m=3.72kg25mm30mm604mmV=1.8110-4m3,m=1.43kg3mm=2.5g/cm33mm=2.85g/cm30.82m2,6.15kg,7.01kg18.31kg20kg2d=4mm1.145kg/m,3.07kgF=mg=383.1NQ235240sMPaσ=S=4240[]604sMPMPasστ===(3-2)25224[]2420.0022.0[]FFddmFdmmmττπππτ==≤≥==5mmM516GB5728-2000mJ=3.72+1.43+6.15+7.01+3.07=21.38kg3.23.2.13-33-3M620(3-3)12mm263.2.23-445#600,355bsMPaMPaσσ==213.8N20kg,280.3N70.1N140.2N48mmMmax=3.4N3-5mm413.8N133.5N140.2N70.1N70.1N70.1N3.4Nm27maxmaxmax3maxmax336:140.20.0243.4,:,,,323.43234.6[],[],[],355,34.63,0.0066,35510zzzzssMNmMWWdWMWddkMPdmmmσπσσπσσσσ=×===×===≤−−==×≥≥=×3--k=3,di8mm12mm223312412(12)727.91040.13mdhkgmmmmmkgπρπ=×=××××=628/8GB/T276-19940.004kg3.2.345max133.5,,[]FNFPεϕ==2::dε0.8ε=0.65ε=ϕl2d1.2~2.5ϕ=2.5~3.5ϕ=4ϕ=1.5ϕ=[]PMPa[]6PMPa=(3-5)(3-4)(3-6)28[]0.0033,FPmmmεϕ===××26d133.5=0.81.561010dmm=2pmm=213.5ldmmϕ==3.2.40'00.5tan()2arctan()arctan()7.2671610TTFdpdλϕλππ=+====3-80.003~0.01Tf=''10~34Tϕ='34Tϕ=0.25TNm=i2-375BYG40511.5Nmi1.5kg3.33.3.1M5,,,3-6:3-729454510i=12117,170zzzi===i1.25mmm=112221.25,212.5dmzmmdmzmm====10.6dbdϕ==21120.621.2512.7513(5~10)18dbbdmmmmmmbbmmmmϕ===×=≈=+=i*1ah=*0.25c=*1.25aahhmmm==**()1.5625fahhcmmm=+=2.8125afhhhmm=+=3-6mm30ad1122223.75,2215,aaaaddhmmddhmm=+==+=fd1122218.125,2209.325,ffffddhmmddhmm=−==−=bd1122cos19.97,cos199.68,bbddmmd