高中虚拟语气精讲课件

英语高考语法讲解(虚拟语气专题)新疆奇台县第二中学李斐虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句；2、名词性虚拟语气；3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：句型1：If＋主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形,如：(1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.(2)Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.虚拟语气(thesubjunctivemood)•2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：句型2：If＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：(3)Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(4)IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.•3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：句型3：If＋主语＋过去时/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形,主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，如：(5)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(6)IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(7)Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.•注意问题：•1、If条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型,如:•(8)Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.•3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：(9)Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.(10)WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(11)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.•二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，这样的词有（demand,suggest,order,request,command,insist等）•基本句型：句型4：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：(12)MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）(13)Itwasrequiredthatthecrops(should)beharvestedatonce.（主语从句）•(14)Itissurprisingthatsheshouldn’tpassthemathsexam.（主语从句）(15)Thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）(16)Theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.（表语从句）•注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”“must”“could”等。•三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型5：wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致：主语＋过去时；与过去愿望不一致：主语＋had＋过去分词/could＋have＋过去分词；与未来愿望不一致：主语＋would（could）＋动词原形。如；(17)IwishIwereyou.(18)IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasintheUnitedStates.(19)IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.•句型6：It’stime句型：当It’stime后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋动词原形或主语＋过去时，例如：(20)It’stimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.•句型7：Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”，如：•(21)Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。(22)IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。•句型8：wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：•(23)I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(24)I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.(25)Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.(26)AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.句型9：without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如：(27)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.(28)Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.(29)Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(30)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.(31)Ishouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasbusy.(32)Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!考题点击：1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI___freetoday,I__andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he__mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.IfIweretoseeTom,what___you___metotellhim?A.are,goingtoaskB.do,askC.would,askD.did,ask（2）错综时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。[考题]ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB高考链接:1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome(MET94)2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken(MET95)3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot(MET95)4.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly(上海97)DCDA5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will(上海94)6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatsheamedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has(上海94)7.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot(上海95)8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_______something.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid(上海96)BBCD虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法summary:If条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在的情况IfI(we,you,he,she,they)+动词过去式Should/would/could/might+动词原形表示过去的情况IfI(we,you,he,she,they)+had+动词过去式Should/would/could/might+have+动词原形表示将来的情况IfI(we,you,he,she,they)+should+动词原形IfI(we,you,he,she,they)+wereto+动词原形IfI(we,you,he,she,they)+动词过去式Should/would/could/might+动词原形