GRE数学常用词汇(超全必背!)

附录一数学词汇一、数学符号等于：=equalto,thesameas,is不等：morethanlessthan≥nolessthan≤nomorethan加：+addatob,plus,减：－minus,less,difference,subtractafromb乘：×multiply,product除：÷adividedbyb,绝对值：｜∣absolutevalue平方：x2square立方：x3cube开平方：squareroot开立方：cuberoot平行：parallelto垂直：perpendicularto二.Arithmetic(算数)与Algebra(代数)1.数列和集合arithmeticsequence等差数列geometricsequence等比数列set集合subset子集sequence序列term序列中的项inclusive包含序列的首末项exclusive不包含序列的首末项2.数commondivision公因子commonfactor合数compositenumber连续整数consecutiveinteger位digit被除数divided除以divide除数，因子divisor可整除的divisibleby偶数evennumber公约数factor因子integer整数irrational无理数leastcommonmultiple最小公倍数multiple倍数，公倍数naturalnumber自然数negativenumber负数nonzero非零oddnumber奇数positivenumber正数primefactor质因子primenumber质数quotient商rational有理数realnumber实数remainder余数tensdigit十位数tenthsdigit十分位unitsdigit个位数3.单利复利和价格compoundinterest复利cost成本discount折扣downpayment预付款，现付款interestrate利率listprice标价margin利润markup涨价profit利润purchasingprice购买价retailvalue零售价saleprice销售价simpleinterest单利4.其它代数addition加arithmeticmean算术平均数average平均数base底数closestapproximation近似decimal小数decimalnotation十进制decimalpoint小数点decreased下降后的decrease…to…从…下降到…decreaseby…下降了…define定义denominator分母denote表示，代表depreciation折旧directlyproportionalto正比于distinct不同的expression表达式factorial阶乘fraction分数increased增加后的increase…to…从…增加到…increaseby…增加了…intermsof用…表达inverselyproportionalto反比于maximum最大值minimum最小值multiple倍数multiply乘numerator分子percapita人均ratio比率reciprocal倒数reduced降低后的roundedtothenearest…四舍五入到successive,inarow连续的tie平局times几倍twodigits两位数字twiceasmanyaasba是b的两倍ais20%morethanba比b多20%，(a-b)/b=20%三、Geometry(几何)acuteangle锐角altitude高arc弧area面积anglebisector角平分线bisect平分center中心，圆心chord弦circle圆circumference圆周长circumscribe外接，外切clockwise顺时针concentriccircle同心圆cone圆锥congruent全等的coordinate坐标counterclockwise逆时针cube正方体cylinder圆柱decagon十边形degree角度diameter直径diagonal对角线dimension大小，维度distance距离duenorth正北方equilateraltriangle等边三角形face面height高hexagon六边形hypotenuse斜边isoscelestriangle等腰三角形inscribe内接，内切intersect相交length长度mid-point中点numberlines数轴obtuseangle钝角octagon八边形overlap交叠parallelogram平行四边形pentagon五边形perimeter周长parallellines平行线perpendicularlines垂直线plane平面polygon多边形quadrant象限quadrilateral四边形radius半径radian弧度（弧长/半径）regularpolygon正多边形rectangularsolid长方体rectangle长方形rightangle直角righttriangle直角三角形rhombus菱形square正方形sphere球side边surfacearea表面积straightangle平角segment线段tangent相切trapezoid梯形triangle三角形verticalangle对顶角volume体积width宽四、DataAnalysis(数据分析)1.图表frequency/count频率relativefrequency相对频率bargraph条形图segmentedbargraph分段的条形图sector扇区histogram直方图，柱状图univariate单变量的trend趋势，走向bivariate双变量的2.数据combination组合permutation排列probability,possibility概率centraltendency集中趋势arithmeticmean/mean算术平均值median中位数mode众数weightedmean加权平均数statistics统计quartile四分位数percentile百分位数interquartilerange四分位差outlier异常值dispersion离差boxplots箱线图standarddeviation标准偏差samplestandarddeviation样本标准偏差intersection交集Disjoint/mutuallyexclusive互斥inclusion-exclusionprinciple容斥原理probabilityexperiment概率试验randomexperiment随机试验outcome结果samplespace样本空间event事件equallylikely等可能randomselection随机抽样mutuallyexclusive互相排斥的independent相互独立的factorial阶乘combination组合distributioncurve分布曲线densitycurve密度曲线frequencycurve频率曲线randomvariable随机变量probabilitydistribution概率分布expectedvalue/meanofrandomvariablex期望discreterandomvariables离散型随机变量approximatelynormallydistributed近似正态分布continuousprobabilitydistribution连续概率分布standarddeviation&mean标准偏差和平均值continuousrandomvariable连续随机变量standardnormaldistribution标准正态