煤化工工艺技术评述与展望--煤间接液化技术

:025322409(2001)0420289210:2001203211;:2001206219:(1964-),,,,,11,2,1(11,030001;21,730060):,F2T,,:;;Fischer2Tropsch;;:TQ529.2:A,,,,,[1,2]20008000t,,,,20007000t,2010116t,[3,4],,,,,(CO+H2),F2T(GTL),Shell50tPa[5],Sasol,[6,7]11923FischerTropsch(CO+H2),F2T[8]1934F2T,1936,4000L19351945,9F2T,57t,23%,3%,28%;6F2T,34t[9],,,50Sa2sol,Sasol,1955,19801982Sasol2Sasol2Sasol,5000t,700t,500t[7,10]50,,19932500bPd[11],Sasol,199528,(10)[6],1999,2000126,40(2197P)[7,10]70Shell,F2T29200148JOURNALOFFUELCHEMISTRYANDTECHNOLOGYVol129No14Aug12001,,80,,,[1214]1989Bintulu50tPa,1993,,[1214],GTL,ShellSasolExxonSyntroleumRentechGulfPChevronStatoilGTL[15],ExxonAGC221200bPd[1214],SyntroleumSyntroleum2bPd[1214]1937F2T,1943100tPa,1945,,,,1951,1959417tPa(70),[16],19534500tPa,()[16],196770,80,,MTG()Mobil,F2T(MFT),F2T,F2T,80100tPa,199319942000tPa,,90,,[17]90FePMn[18,19],199619973000h,,,2222222,,P,,,,[18],,,,[20,21],21,(LurgiTexacoShell),,F2T,H2PCO(115211)H2PCO(015110),,,,,,,F2T,,F2TF2T,,,SasolF2T(300092291Figure1ThegeneralprocessforthesynthesisofliquidfuelsfromcoalviaFischer2Tropschreaction350)F2T(HTFT)(220270)F2T(LTFT),[2224]F2TSynthol(CFB)SAS(FFB),,CFB4,,,,,,,,CFB,CFBMossgasSasolSasol,316m50mCFB6500bPd1FFB,,,FFBCFBFFB,,,,,FFBCFB,50%,,FFBCFB,40%,FFB,,()15%1FFBCFB[25]19891992Sasol5m3400bPd1FFB,199519992SasolSecunda411000bPd18mFFB420000bPd11017mFFB,16CFBSasolF2TArge[22,24,26],ArgeRuhchemieLurgi,1955,:;F2T,1FFBCFB[25]Table1RelativecapitalandenergyefficiencyforFFBandCFBreactorsReactortypesReactornumbersProcesspressurePMPaRelativecapitalP%ReactorGascirculationTotalcapitalEnergyefficiencyP%PowerconsumeP%CFB32151001001006119100FFB2215467887631644FFB22154971827417411924:1;;,F2T;,,,2195m1218mArge205250mm,40m3,Lurgi,H2PCO117118,13%,220250,215MPa,1987415MPa,500bPd1700bPd1,70d100d,90Arge5000,[22]:,;,();,,,;,ShellSMDSF2T[1214],200250,310MPa510MPa(2),F2T,H2PCO2,,,,,,Shell4000bPd1,SasolSyntroleumGTLN2,[1214],190232211MPa315MPa,N2,,,,,,SyntroleumF2T[25],,,,C5C20Sasol80,19907Sasolburg75bPd1m,199352500bPd5m,22m,250,310MPa,10cmPs,111105Nm3PhSSPD[22,26]SSPDF2T,,300m22m,22m5%,,F2T,,PSSPD,250,()()(),F2T,Sasol,,Sasol,,,,114bPd,1500bPdSasol,,,,20%30%1bPdSasol25%,,,29229011MPa,013MPa017MPa,,,,,,,,(30m100m),,,[27229],[30],2SasolF2T(,%)[24]Sasol3bPdGTL2SasolF2T(,%)[24]Table2ProductselectivityforSasolF2Tprocesses(carbonatombasis)HighTempCFBPFFBLowTempFixedBedLowTempSlurryBedCH4710210313C2H4410012119C2H6310016112C3H61017019312C3H8117019018C4H8914110311C4H10111114119C5+C61615418611C721602010612716160350151518131710+35061062134915Oxygenates511114414:Exx2onRentechEnergyInternationalConocoSTIExxonAGC221:F2T[1214]O2,H2PCO21(TiO2)F2T,,,,Exxon,,[25]ExxonGTL,,ExxonKawasaki215bPd,F2T[25]Rentech19921993Pueblo[31],H2PCO1167,1182m1317m,6125cmPs,2500196MPa,,5m40m,11361t,C+5:15615gPNm3[CO+H2],(W/%)29%,3916%,1615%,1419%20d2000CommerceCity715tPa,800bPd1000bPdGTL[32]RentechKumchai360bPdGTL[33]ShellF2TSMDS,7bPd115bPdGTL[34]199319942000tPa,F2T,[215(510)],ZSM25,,,H2PCO2,215MPa,265275,310350,3,CO70%79%,C+587gPNm3102gPNm3[CO+H2],[17],Fe2Cu2K,2NLPgFe1h3NLPgFe1h,CO60%80%,4%,C+584%,C2C475%,C+5,,,3924:1,165gPNm3175gPNm3[CO+H2]90F2T,,H2PCO2,CO70%85%,C+582%,0190,,ShellSMDS[20,21]:Texaco,H2PCO2,,190250210MPa410MPa,,,,,300500310MPa510MPa,,,(C+5)50tPa,,254tPa,27tPa,1113tPa,617tPa,5tPa(C+5)5108t,F2T,,,416t513t3F2T(1),,,,,,F2T,F2T,,[33],[36,37]Fe2Cu2KF2T,;[38]F2TF2T(MSRK),2[39,40],H2PCO,,,,,2000tPa[41]F2T,,,,,,Rheinpreussen2Koppers[42],4:(1);(2);(3)F2T;(4);(5),;(6);(7);(8)49229,3000Pt,,60Pt120Pt,GTL,[26,43],,,40%60%,F2T20%,15%,,TexacoLurgi,ShellF2T,,,,Jager[26]GTL,,ROI,,GTL,H2PCO23bPdGTL[43],,SasolExxonSyntroleum6,H2PCO015110,,F2T,,,,H2PCO2,,,,,,10%15%,,76,,159163;,48,,,100tPa,,,,100tPa,,(C+5)2000Pt2400Pt5,100t,,,511,,,,,,118,,,,,,,,,,,5125924:1200t,,,,,200t,,,,,,,1t5t,,513(1)5t(30t,52t),,,5tC+5():(a),;(b),;(c)NHD,1Nm3CO+H2,,165g5t,8000h,6250KgPh,37879Nm325141tPa5t1311t1t2162t,4155t5108t7(2)114t(30t,52t),,,115tC+5(),,:(a)9%,7%,2%;(b),,;(c)217tPa,4168t25tFigure2Flowdiagramof5104tPasynfueldemonstrationplant3114t(Nm3Ph)Table3Gasflowdatafortheprojectof114104tPasynfuelplant(Nm3Ph)ItemsSmallamountofunpurifiedH2washedbylowtemperaturemethanolmethodTailgaswashedbyliquidN2methodTotalH2595815411131847072138CO25711133421433599154CH412153159125171178N23312132771823311103Ar101756317074145Total62721147957104142291183:H2+CO:10671192Nm31Nm3165g176019kg1140t113(3)3t,,,,6tPa,,:24000Nm3Ph;6922931168tPa;219,1tPa5tPa,,,F2TF2T,,6(1),GTL,P(2),(3)F2T,(4)F2T,(5),(6),,,,[1],1[J]1,2000,5:72111[2][EB/OL]1http:PP[3]17000t-20002001[J]1,2001,10:81[4]121[J]1,2001,14:31[5]SieST,SendenMMG,VanWechemHMH1ConversionofnaturalgastotransportationfuelsviatheShellMiddleDistillateSyn2thesisprocess(SMDS)[J]1CatalysisToday,1991,8:37123941[6]1[J]1,1999,27(7):502521[7]SASOL[EB/OL]1http:PP[8]SchulzH1ShorthistoryandpresenttrendsofFischer2Tropschsynthesis[J]1AppliedCatalysisA:General,1999,186:32121[9]1[M]1:,1998144124431[10]SASOL1Innovationorprogress[M]119991462671[11]SASOL1TheSlurryphasedistillateproce