高考英语语法-定语从句(下部)

2011届高考英语专项复习（五）TheAttributiveClause定语从句上杭二中邱晓芳Nov.15th,20101、关系代词的用法；2、关系副词的用法；3、介词+关系代词；4、非限制性定语从句;5.从句的谓语动词与先行词一致;高考考点分析1.Thegirlwhotookyoutomyplaceismyfriend.2.Alltheapplesthatfalldownareeatenbythepigs．3.Thestairswhichleadtothelanguagelabareratherslippery．4.Thefilmisaboutaspywhosewifebetrayshim．5.Wewon'tforgetthedayswhenwestayedwithyou．6.ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest．如何判定限制性定语从句n.\pron.+【定语从句】先行词1.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.2.Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.3.Myquestioniswhowilltakeoverthepresident.4.ThefactthatLilygotthefirstprizeiswellknowntousall.这四个句子又是什么从句？结构？1.为主语从句（主语从句）+v.2.为宾语从句vt.+（宾语从句）3.为表语从句v.系+（表语从句）4.为同位语从句n.+（同位语从句）注；引导同位语从句的that不充当成分。引导定语从句的that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。Rightorwrong?MayIlookatthepicturethatyouhavejustboughtit?关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：1）引导从句2）指代先行词3）在从句中充当成分去掉it关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which,as。Who,whom只指人;Which只指物;That,as,whose可指人或物;1）关系代词who,which,that在从句中都可作主语或宾语。Thebookwhich（that）heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Doyouknowtheteacherwho(that)issittingthere?2)关系代词whom只作宾语，作宾语的关系代词常可省略。Thedictionary（which/that）Iborrowedfromthelibrarylastweekisveryuseful。Isthattheman（whom/that)youwanttosee?3)关系代词whose作定语，译为某人或某物的（whose+n.)=the+n.+ofwhich\whom=ofwhich\whom+the+n.Haveyouvisitedthehousewhosecolourisyellow?Haveyouvisitedthehousethecolourofwhich(=ofwhichthecolour)isyellow?(2010北京）Childrenwhoarenotactiveor___dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A．whatB．whoseC．whichD．that(2010江苏）Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsof____paintedlightgreen,isapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.AthatBwhatCwhichDit注意1.(2010全国Ⅱ）Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse’sfault.A．thatB．whoC．asD．what只用关系代词that的情况1.先行词为all，few，little，none,everything，nothing，theone,something,anything等不定代词或先行词被theonly，thejust,thelast,thevery,theright,all，little，no，much，any,every等修饰。2.先行词既有人又有物。Hetalkedaboutthepeoplesandthecountries(that)hehadseen.3.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.4.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.5.如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词应用that,以避免重复。Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.6.在therebe结构中，先行词指物时。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoJack.7.如句首有who,which，后面的定语从句用that引导。Whoisthegirlthatheisdancingwith?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?注意2.Mr.Brownisnolongertheman____heusedtoBe.A．whoB．whomC．thatD．which在从句中作表语只用关系代词that，不用which\who.注意3.(2006沈阳二中测试）Anyoneagreesmaycomewithme.A．thatB．whoC.towhomD.withwhom只用who不用that的情况；1）先行词为those,指人。2）先行词为指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,all,noboday等。3）在therebe结构中，先行词指人。注意4.Suchthingsyoudescribedarerarenow.A．whichB．asC.thatD.who关系代词as可指人或物，引导限制性定语从句时主要和such，thesame，as,so连用，构成thesameas,suchas或as…as…等结构。Thisissuchaneasyquestion_____Icananswer.Thisissuchaneasyquestion_____IcanansweritThisisthesamedictionaryasIlost.ThisisthesamedictionarythatIlost.asthat1.such…as…中，as引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等。such…that…中，that引导结果状语从句,不充当成分。2.thesame…as…引导定语从句侧重相似性，即同类不同一。thesame…that…引导定语从句侧重指同一个东西。注意5.Tomisoneoftheboyswho____fromtheUSA.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____fromtheUSA.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致.areis注意6.——注意定语从句中的插入语。Givethemoneytoanyone______youthinkNeedsit.注意7.——注意保持主句的完整性。在定语从句中，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可。否则，整个主从复合句也无法成立。Isthisfactory___wevisitedlastweek?Isthisthefactory___wevisitedlastweek?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.theonewhoDA关系副词有三个:when，where,why都在从句中作状语。1.when多放于表时间的先行词后。2.where多放于表地点的先行词后。3.why多放于reason这个先行词后。ThatistheschoolwhereIhavestudiedfor6yearsSundayisthedaywhenthestudentsdon'tgotoschool.Thatisthereasonwhyhedidn’tcome.选关系词做到“两看从句，一注意”。1.看从句缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。则选用关系代词who,which,that等。2.看从句不缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。则选用关系副词when,where，why或介词+关系代词作状语。注意不及物动词work,stay,go,come,live,wait,sit等。（2010湖南）I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool___ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A．whereB．whoC．whenD．which(2010天津）---CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?---youshouldtrythebarber’s__Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that关系词填空。1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_______________Washingtonwasborn?2.TheywereforcedtoworkinAfrica____________neededskilledworker.3.Thisistheplace___________myunclevisitedlastyear.1.Thereason________hegaveuswasnottrue.2.Doyouknowthereason______________hewasabsenttoday?which/thatthat/which(that)where(inwhich)why(=forwhich)注意(2009福建）It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A．thatB．whereC.whenD.which当先行词为situation,case,point,activity,website,等表模糊意义的地点名词，从句不缺主语或宾语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。1.(2010江西）thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessensatthetrainingcenterwithhersister____shewouldstayforanhour.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.what2.(2010山东)That’sthenewmachine___partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.what3.IhavecometothepointIcan’tstandherarguinganylonger.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.ofwhichCBB4.ThisisMr.SmithIthinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which5.Idon’tlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayinthatB.thewayC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich6.Theviewmanyscientistholdistoomuchemissionofcarbondioxideisdestructive.A.which;whichB.that;thatC.That;whichD.What;thatBBB7.Thefilmbr