初中英语名词复习课件

刘阅？普通名词专有名词（人名、地名）可数名词不可数名词名词名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词专有名词：是指特定的人、事、物或地点的名称。1、专有名称的首字母必须大写。人名：Diana,Mr.Green,PresidentObama,PrincessFiona…地名：Beijing,Broadway,theYellowRiver…某类人的名称：Americans,Russians,Chinese,Jews…某些抽象事物的名称：English,Buddhism,NATO…月份、周日及节日名称：May,Sunday,Easter,Christmas…书名、电影名及诗歌名称：《GonewiththeWind》对家人的称呼：Mum,Dad,Auntie,UncleTom…2、专有名词前通常不加“the”。3、但是由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加“the”。theUnitedKingdom(theUK),theGreatWall…何谓“专有名词(ProperNouns)•个体名词(IndividualNouns)•集体名词(CollectiveNouns)•物质名词(MaterialNouns)•抽象名词(AbstractNouns)普通名词（CommonNouns）及其分类•1、个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或事物。Hehastwoaunts.PandasarefoundinSichuan.•2、个体名词可指具体的人或物，也可指抽象东西。Mostclassroomshavecomputers.(具体)Ihadadreamlastnight.(抽象)•3、个体名词有复数形式，单数形式可以和a(an)连用。Therearesixtyminutesinanhour.个体名词(IndividualNouns)•1、集体名词也叫集合名词，表示由个体组成的集体。常见的集体名词有：army,class,crowd,team,committee(委员会),police,cattle(牛),audience(观众),family,crew(船员),group(团体),herb(牛群),press(新闻界),public(公众),staff(全体员工),youth(年轻人)…•2、集体名词搭配单数还是复数动词？1）将集体名词视为整体时，接单数名词。TheZhang’sfamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYork.2）当强调团体里的单个成员时，接复数名词。TheZhang’sfamilyarehavingdinnernow.•3、集体名词的固定用法。police,people,cattle后面一律用复数名词。集体名词(CollectiveNouns)•1、物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，常见的有：液体类：beer,coffee,coke,juice,milk,oil,soup,tea,water,wine,yoghurt…物质类：cloth(布),coal(煤),cotton(棉),fabric(纤维),ink(墨水),paint(涂料),paper(纸),plastic(塑料),metal(金属),wood(木头),wool(羊毛),steel(钢),iron(铁)…其他类：cake,ice,cheese,bread,rice,meat,salt(盐),salad,sugar…•2、一般说来，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有特殊情况：Givemethreecoffees.(三杯咖啡)ThisisadeliciousCalifornianwine.(一种酒)Theboyswaslostinthewoods.(森林)物质名词(MaterialNouns)名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhourflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes名词的单复数1名词复数变化的规则形式一、一般情况下Books,schools,eyes…二、以s/x/ch/sh结尾Buses,boxes,watches,dishes…三、以辅音字母+y结尾Lady-ladies,baby-babies,*boy-boys(?)四、以f/fe结尾Leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives…五、以o结尾Tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,Negroes名词加s后的读音变化在元音和浊辅音后发/z/Boys,rooms,plays…在清辅音后发/s/Books,cups,looks…在/s/,/z/,/S/,/tS/,/dZ/后发/Iz/Glasses,roses,fishes,watches,ages名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄想吃马铃薯和西红柿pianos(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoospotato–potatoestomato–tomatoeschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men2.不规则变化(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.3.可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,alotof，some等修饰*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因1.Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothess