您好,欢迎访问三七文档
TrytotranslatethefollowingsentenceBridge-in1.Wearekeptstrongandwellbycleanair.译文1:我们被清洁的空气保持得健壮。译文2;空气清洁能促使我们身体健壮。2.PeterwasrobbedbyhimtopayPaul.译文2:彼得的钱被他偷了,去还保尔的债。译文1:他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。Afterthislecture,studentsshouldknowthebasicinformationofpassive-voice&activevoice;masterthestrategiesforpassive-voice&activevoiceintranslation;ObjectivesRelatedinformationMethodsandtechniquesPracticesObjectivesPleasetrytotranslatethissentence.Pre-assessmentThefirstwasthebeliefamongmanynationalleadersthattheeventsleadingtotheSecondWarweretriggeredbytheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,whichinturnwasbelievedtohavebeenprolongedanddeepenedbytheveryhightariffsenactedbyvirtuallyallofthemajortradingnationsduringtheearly1930s.第一点是,许多国家领导人认为:导致第二次世界大战的事件是由20世纪30年代的大萧条引发的(顺译成被动),而这次大萧条之所以被延长和加深(顺译成被动),人们认为(习惯译法)是30年代初期几乎所有主要贸易国家所指定的高额关税所引起的。passive-wise英语被动化倾向英语使用被动语态的场合:不必说出施动者HewasnamedSmith.他的名字叫史密斯。不愿说出施动者Itisgenerallyconsiderednotadvisabletoactthatway.这样的做法是不可取的。无从说出动作的施动者You’rewantedonthephone.有电话找你。为了便于上下衔接Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.他出现在舞台上并受到了热烈的欢迎。强调动作的承受者ThesongwascomposedbyaFrenchmusician.这是一首由法国音乐家写的歌曲。ParticipationRelatedinformationActive-wise汉语主动化倾向汉语多用主动语态、人称表达法、无主句、主语省略句等汉语中较少使用被动语态。汉语表达被动语态的助词或者形式有:被、叫、受、让、给、由、把、遭、予以、为……所等。汉语使用被动语态的场合:表示受动对象遭受了不幸或不快;茅屋为秋风所破。“被捕”、“被剥削”、“被压迫”、“被杀”……无形式标记的被动句;杯子打碎了。文章发表了。Participation英汉对比英语的被动句显然多于汉语。英语被动句显性形式标志:主语+be(各种形式)+动词的过去分词汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。固然有“被”等字可用来表示被动语态,但在更多的情况下,并不执著于主语与谓语之间究竟有什么关系,惯用主动形式。ParticipationMethodsandtechniques1.顺译法TranslationinOriginalOrder1.1顺译为被动句1.2顺译为主动句2.倒译法TranslationinReverseOrder3.习惯译法Participation2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.2倒译成汉语的无主句3.1在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词3.2用“据……”等短语译出1.Theyareratifiedbymembers’parliaments.它们须经成员国议会批准。3.Thecompanywasenjoinedfromusingfalseadvertising.这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。3.Iftheschemeisapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.如果方案被批准了,这项工程将立即动工。4.Uptonow,sculpturedioxide二氧化硫hasbeenregardedasoneofthemostseriousofthesepollutants.到目前为止,二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中最严重的一种。1.顺译法TranslationinOriginalOrderParticipation1.1顺译为被动句Practice1.Ourroofwasdamagedinlastnight'sstorm.2.Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.3.Thethreemachinescanbecontrolledbyasingleoperator.4.Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.ParticipationPractice1.Ourroofwasdamagedinlastnight'sstorm.在作业的暴风雨中,我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。2.Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的对外政策受到了世界人民的支持。3.Thethreemachinescanbecontrolledbyasingleoperator.这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。4.Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.问题应该及时加以解决。Participation1.Accompanyingthevisiblelight,agreatdealofinvisibleradiation,orradiantheat,isemitted.大量的不可见的辐射热,伴随着可见光释放出来。这种不使用“被”字的被动句在形式上与主动句相似,但意义上是被动的。在现代汉语中,不采用“被”字的被动句比用“被”字的要多。2.Itsuseisthereforerestrictedtoarticlesinwhichlightnessisaprimeessential.因此,它的用途限于制造首先要求重量小的对象。1.2顺译为主动句顺译成形式上是主动,意义上是被动的句子Participation3.Hispridemustbepinched.他这股傲气应该打下去。4.Hewasassassinatedinatheaterlastnight.他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。5.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.他的腿在一次事故中折断了。6.Thethingmustbehandledwithcare.这东西必须轻拿轻放。Participation7.China-inkstainscannotbewashedout.墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。8.Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.彩虹是在阳光透过天空中的小水滴形成的。ParticipationPractice1.Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.2.Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.3.Mostofthequestionshavebeensettledsatisfactorily,andonlyafewquestionsofsecondaryimportanceremaintobediscussed.Participation4.Poetsareborn,butoratorsaremade.5.PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropfromChina.6.ThefirstexplosiveintheworldwasmadeandusedinChina.1.Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感,从来没有完全消除。2.Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.产品质量有了很大的提高。Participation3.Mostofthequestionshavebeensettledsatisfactorily,andonlyafewquestionsofsecondaryimportanceremaintobediscussed.多数问题已圆满解决,只剩下几个次要问题有待讨论。Practice4.Poetsareborn,butoratorsaremade.诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。5.PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。6.ThefirstexplosiveintheworldwasmadeandusedinChina.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。ParticipationPractice2.倒译法TranslationinReverseOrder2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.2倒译成汉语的无主句Participation2.倒译法TranslationinReverseOrder2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语1.Otherformsofenergycanbechangedtoelectricenergybygenerators.发电机能把其他形式的能转变为电能。2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.他给了我一本书。ParticipationPractice1.Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.2.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.3.HewasregardedasaRepublicanbyeveryone,eventhoughhehadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasanIndependent.ParticipationPractice1.Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.大战结束时,这个组织拯救了800人。2.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁掉。3.HewasregardedasaRepublicanbyeveryone,eventhoughhehadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasanIndependent.所有人都把他看做共和党人,尽管他一直认为自己是“无党派人士”。ParticipationPractice2.2倒译成汉语的无主句1.Whentheanthemhadbeenplayed,theCongressbegan.奏完国歌后,大会开始了。2.Youarehopedtodoitmorecarefully.希望你认真一点做。Participation3.Thefinishedproductsmustbecarefullyinspectedbeforede
本文标题:Lecture-9passvie-voice-&active-voice-(2)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4318355 .html