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1I.ReadingTaskAPre-readingquestions:1.Haveyouheardofgeneticallyengineeredfood?Ifyes,how?2.Doyouthinkitisagoodthingorabadthing?Why?3.Doyouknowwhoaremoreinterestedingeneticallyengineeredfood?一、阅读任务预阅读问题:1.你听说过转基因食品吗?如果听说过,是怎么听说的?2.你认为这是一件好事还是坏事?为什么?3.你知道谁对转基因食品更感兴趣吗?FoodFight1食物大战1ThefolksatMcDonald'scouldnothaveexpectedanespeciallywarmreceptioninFrance,butthemanureintheparkinglotsstillmusthavetakenthembysurprise.Forthepastthreeweeksit'sbeenhardtovisitaMcDonald'sanywhereinFrancewithoutrunningtheriskofencounteringmountainsoffreshmanure—aswellasnot-so-freshfruitsandvegetables—dumpedinfrontoftherestaurantsbyprotestingfarmers.在法国,麦当劳里的人们并不指望在法国受到特别热烈的欢迎,但停车场的粪便肯定还是让他们大吃一惊。在过去的三个星期里,去法国任何地方的麦当劳而不承担遇到堆积如山的新鲜粪便的风险是很难的——以及不那么新鲜的水果和蔬菜——被抗议的农民倾倒在餐馆前。2There'salotaboutMcDonald'sthatangersthefarmers—itssameness,itsblandness,theculinaryhegemonyitrepresents—yetattheoutsetthedemonstrationswereremarkablygenteel,withprotestersoccupyingrestaurantsandofferingcustomersanalternativemealofbaguettesstuffedwithcheeseorfoiegras2.Butlatelythingshaveturnednasty.ProtestersarefindingevermoretodislikeabouttheuniquelyAmericanfood—especiallytheverygenesthatmaketheMcDonald'sbeeforbunorpotatowhatitis.麦当劳店的许多方面都让农场主们愤怒——它的雷同,它的毫无特色,以及它所代表的餐饮霸权。然而,开始时,示威还很温和,抗议者占领餐馆,给顾客提供一种里面塞着奶酪或鹅肝的面包作为替代食物。但后来情况就非常糟糕了。抗议者发现越来越不喜欢这种典型的美国食物,特别是使麦当劳的牛肉,小面包和土豆成为现在这个样子的基因。3Aroundtheworldpeoplearetakingacloserlookatthegeneticmake-upofwhatthey'reeating—andgrowinguneasywithwhattheysee.Overthepastdecade,geneticallymodified(GM)food3hasbecomeanincreasinglycommonphenomenonasscientistshaverewoventhegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetables,turningeverydaycropsintouber-cropsabletoresistfrost,withstandherbicidesandevenproducetheirownpesticides.Inall,morethan4,500GMplantshavebeentested,andatleast40—including13varietiesofcorn,11varietiesoftomatoesandfourvarietiesofsoybeans—haveclearedgovernmentreviews4.全世界的人们都在密切关注他们所食用食品的基因构成,并且对他们所看到的一切变得越来越不安。在刚刚过去的十年中,科学家们改变了无数蔬菜和水果的基因,把这些日常食用的作物变成了超级作物,能够防霜冻,抗除草剂,甚至本身就能杀虫,因此转基因食物已越来越成为普遍现象。在总共测试的4500多种转基因植物中,至少40种通过了政府复审,包括13种谷类,11种西红柿和4种大豆。24ForbiotechcompaniessuchasMonsanto,basedintheU.S.,andNovartisAG,basedinSwitzerland,theriseofGMtechnologyhasmeantboomtimes.SalesofGMseedsroseinvaluefrom$75millionin1995to$1.5billionlastyear,andthecropstheyproduceareturningupnotonlyonproduceshelvesbutalsoinprocessedfoodsfromcookiestopotatochipstobabyfood.对于一些生物科技公司,如生产基地位于美国的蒙生特公司和位于瑞士的那瓦特斯公司,基因技术的兴起意味繁荣时期的到来。基因作物种子售出的总值从1995年的七百五十万增加到去年的十亿五千万,并且他们生产的作物不仅出现在直接生产的产品中,而且出现在从饼干、薯条到婴儿食品的加工食品中。5Butmanypeoplequestionwhetherit'sagoodideaforfalliblehumanbeingstogomuckingaboutwiththegenesofotherspecies.It'sonethingifascientificexperimentgoeswronginalab,theysay,butsomethingelseentirelyifitwindsuponyourdinnerplate.Todate,there'snothingtosuggestthatre-engineeredplantshaveeverdoneanyoneanyharm.Nonetheless,theEuropeanUnionhasblockedtheimportationofsomeGMcrops,andsince1997hasrequiredthatfoodsthatcontainengineeredDNAmustbelabeledassuch.PlentyoftradewatchersinWashingtonseetheEuropeanactionsasonemoretweakfromanincreasinglypowerfulE.U.nolongerintimidatedbyU.S.economicmight.Whilethatmaybe,thefactremainsthattheU.S.Congressmayaddressalabelingbillofitsownlaterthisyear,andsomeprivategroupsarethreateninglawsuitstoforcetheissue.Evenwithoutlegalaction,publicopinionisturningamoreskepticaleyeonGMtechnology.ThefarmersinFranceareright,observesDennisDemocratfromCleveland,Ohio,whostumbledacrosstheGM-foodissuethisyear,andisturningitintosomethingofacause.There'snothingmorepersonalthanfood.但是,许多人提出疑问,让容易犯错的人类摆弄其他物种的基因是否是个好主意。他们说,如果实验室里的科学实验做错了,那是一回事。但如果它最终出现在你的饭桌上,那又是另外一回事。到目前为止虽然还没有什么表明转基因植物对谁有什么害处,但不管怎么说,欧盟已停止进口一些转基因作物,并且从1997年就开始要求含有重组DNA的食物必须如实标注。许多华盛顿贸易观察家都看出,欧盟这一举动是日益强大的欧盟不再害怕美国经济威胁的又一次回击。也许是这样,但事实是美国国会今年晚些时候会制定他们自己的商标法案,而一些民间团体正在威胁要诉诸法律迫使制定这一法案。即使没有立法行为,舆论对转基因技术也持更加怀疑的态度。俄亥俄州克利夫兰的丹尼丝·德莫克利特说,“法国的农民是对的,没有什么比食物跟人类的关系更密切。”他今年碰到了转基因食物这件事,正把它当成一件事业来做。6IftheoutcryinFranceindeedportendsglobaltrouble,it'sbynomeansclearwhetheritoughtto.ForallthecontroversythatGMtechnologyiscausing,thefactisthatbiotechcompanieshavesucceededindreamingupsomeextraordinaryplants.Monsanto,whichproducesthehugelypopularherbicideRoundup,hasmadejustasbigahitwithitslineofgeneticallymodifiedcropsthatareimmunetotheRounduppoison—thankstoagenethatcompanyscientiststweezedoutofthecommonpetuniaandknittedintotheirfoodplants.OtherGMcropshavebeendesignedtoincludeafewscrapsofDNAfromacommonbacterium,renderingtheplantstoxictoleaf-chewinginsectsbutnottohumans.如果说法国的抗议确实预示着全球性的麻烦,事情是不是应该如此,则完全不清楚。尽管转基因技术引起这些争论,事实是,一些生物科技公司已经成功地创造出一些奇异的植物。蒙生特公司生产了颇受大众欢迎的除草剂Roundup,他们的转基因作物的生产线也非常轰动,因为这种转基因作物对Roundup毒有免疫作用。这多亏了该公司的科学家,他们从普通的喇叭花中提取一种基因,并将这种基因编织进他们的食用作物中。设计的其他转基因作物,含有来自普通细菌的DNA成分,使作物对吃树叶的昆虫有毒而对人类无害。37Suchsouped-upplantsareunderstandablypopularwithfarmers,forwhomevenaslightincreaseinyieldcanmeanabigincreaseinprofits.LastyearintheU.S.,35%ofthesoycropand42%ofthecottoncropweregrownwithGMseeds.SaysKarenMarshall,aMonsantospokeswoman:Thesereallydoworkandhavetremendousbenefitstogrowers.可以理解,这种经过强化的植物深受农民欢迎,因为对他们来说产量的些微增长就意味着利润的大幅增加。去年美国35%的大豆作物和42%的棉作
本文标题:Food-Fight中英对照
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