高考英语语法知识复习精讲精练-复合句

第1页共28页高考英语语法知识复习（复合句）（温故篇）一、名词性从句概念与分类名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略从属连词if,whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where,when,why,how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句１.由从属连词引导的主语从句：①Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.那个国家是否应该建立核电站……②Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直线传播２.由连接代词引导的主语从句：①Whatweneedismoretime.我们所需要的是……②Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.无论你选哪本书……③Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.无论谁来……３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：①Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飞机什么时候起飞……②Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到过哪儿……③Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……4.关于形式主语it①It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……Itislikelythat….很可能②It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……③It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……可应用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等。④It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……第2页共28页Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.二、表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我们的问题所在Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……值得注意的是：1.表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as,asif，asthough引导.Thingswerenotastheyseemed.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because)It(This,That)isbecause…Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.三、同位语从句同位语从句一般由that,whether等连词引导，常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。l.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陆月球…….2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么时候回来3.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也许病了4.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意四、宾语从句宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。1.及物动词后的宾语从句：Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要帮助的人……Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请2.介词后的宾语从句：IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老师对他所说的话很满意。3.某些形容词后的宾语从句：IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他没有告别就走了4.非谓语动词后的宾语从句：Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.第3页共28页5.关于形式宾语itWemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。五、名词性从句重难点1.在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：①Canyoumakesure____thegoldring？（MET90）A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput②Youcan'timagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.（94上海）A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited2.动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?Idon'tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.HedoubtwhetherIknowit.3.否定转移问题。①将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。Wedon'texpecthewillcometonight,willhe?注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你没有生病吧。②将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。4.主谓一致问题。Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld．WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks．5.语气问题①在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+动词原形”的结构Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们应该立刻出发。②在Itis＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadythisevening．③在表语从句或同位语从句中Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone．④在Itis（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。第4页共28页Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage．（上海1993）A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster6.What引导名词从句的特殊含义:Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality．(what为“所……的事”，相当于“thethingthat…；allthat…；everythingthat…”)After________seemedaverylongtime，Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed．（MET'93）A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which(what相当于“thetimethat”，表示“……时间”)Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow？(what表示“……的人”，相当于“thepersonthat…”)WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld．(what表示“……的地方”，相当于“theplacethat…”)Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwas