牛津英语模块六第二单元单词M6U2-Words

-1-M6U2Wordsandexpressions1.surroundvt.=bearoundThefiremensurroundedtheburningbuilding.Theoriginalbuilderssurroundedthecityby[with]awall.【Derivation】surroundingadj.Thesurroundinglandislowandmarshysurroundingsn.周围的事物Childrenarelivinginpleasantsurroundings【Discrimination】a.environment意为环境,周围状况,自然环境一个生物体或一群生物体周围的整体状况,尤其指作用和影响这群生物体的生长,发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和.e.g.Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.b.surrounding常用复数形式,指环境,周围的事物,词义较狭窄,仅指周围的具体的物质性的东西.e.g.Thestudentslivehappilyinbeautifulsurroundings.2.sufferingn.1)身体或心灵的痛苦,苦难Themedicationshouldeasethesuffering.这种疗法能减轻痛苦。2)各种苦恼;折磨Sheborehersufferingsbravely.她勇敢地承受苦难的遭遇。【Derivation】suffervi.受痛苦;受损害;（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦,受难,受折磨I'llmakeyousufferforthisinsolence.sufferfrom1)患(某种病);受(某种病痛)折磨;因(疾病)而痛或不舒服Youmusthavesufferedfromacold.你一定是感冒了。2)因…而受罚（苦,损）;因...而更糟;受...之苦SometimesIstillsufferfromtheseweaknesses.有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。vt.a.忍受,容忍Hecouldnotsuffercriticism.他不能忍受别人批评他。b.容许,允许Hesufferednobodytotouchhisflower.他不允许任何人碰他的花。c.遭受,蒙受Hesufferedthehumiliationofbeingforcedtoresign.他蒙受了被迫辞职的羞辱3.goodwilln.1)友好,亲善,善意,友善Thereisgoodwillbetweentheformerenemies.过去的敌对者之间现在有了亲善之意。2)(企业的)信誉,声誉,商誉Wepaid￡10,000fortheshop,and￡2000foritsgoodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店,两千英镑买下了它的信誉。【Antonym】illwill恶意4.juniora.1）younger;lowerinrank;shorterinlengthoftenureorservice——senior2）usedofthethirdornexttofinalyearinUnitedStateshighschoolorcollegee.g.Hehasjuniorpositioninthecompany.他在这家公司担任一个低级职务JohnSmithJunioristhesonofJohnSmith.小约翰·史密斯是约翰·史密斯的儿子。Mikeisalreadyajunior.迈克已经大学三年级了。-2-Heisthreeyearsjuniortome.他比我小三岁。Sheteachesajuniorclass.她教一个低年级班。5.apartadv.1)相距,相隔Thetwobuildingsareeightmetresapart.这两栋楼相距八米远。2)分离,分开Takeamachineapart.把机器拆开。Hetorethecookedchickenapartandbegantoeatit.他把煮好的鸡肉撕开就开始吃起来。【Collocation】a.apartfrom1)除了；若无，要不是Thewholeworldseemedtobesleeping,apartfromBarbara.除了芭芭拉，整个世界看上去都在沉睡。2)除去，撇开…来说(表示除…以外尚有)，此外，加之Apartfromsomespellingmistakes,thecompositionisfairlygood.除了一些拼写错误,这篇文章写得很不错。Apartfromthat,allgoeswell.撇开那一点,一切顺利。b.fallapartThebookwasoldandsoonfellapart.这书已有年月,没隔多久书页都脱落了。Thiscupjustfellapartinmyhands.不知怎的,我手里的这只杯子破碎了。c.takeapart拆开tearapart弄乱tellapart区分comeapart崩溃setapart区别，突出6.severe1)极为恶劣的;十分严重的Thepartysufferedseverelossesduringthelastelection.该党在上次选举中遭到惨败.Asevereshortageofqualifiedstaff.合格员工的严重短缺2)严厉的;重的Thecourtsarebecomingmoresevereonyoungoffenders.法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。Aseverepunishment/sentence重罚；重判3)严厉的;苛刻的aseverelook/expression严厉的神态/表情【Derivation】n.severity1)严格,严厉,苛刻Hisseverityscaredthechildrenaway.他的严厉吓跑了孩子们。2)严重；剧烈Thediseaserangeswidelyinseverity.这种病的严重程度可以很不同。Thedrugcanreducethefrequencyandseverityofattacks.这种药能降低发病次数和严重程度。7.ingoodspiritsspirits(pl.)情绪,兴致,心情,烈酒,酒精Healternatedbetweenhighspiritsandlowspirits.他一会高兴一会沮丧。spirit精神、心灵Cancerdestroyedherbodybutnotherspirit.癌症摧残了她的身体,却摧毁不了她的精神。Thearticlebreathesthespiritoftheage.这篇文章反映出时代精神。thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak心有余而力不足【Derivation】adj.spiritual['spiritjuəl,-tʃuəl]spiritualnature心灵本质spiritualleader宗教领袖-3-8.appreciationn.1)欣赏,鉴赏,赏识Ihavenowdevelopedanappreciationofpoetry.我现在会欣赏诗歌了。Thecourseaimstodevelopthechildren’sappreciationofmusicinperformance.该课程旨在培养孩子欣赏音乐演奏的能力。Shegazedinappreciationatthescene.她赞赏地看着这景色。2)评定；判断；鉴定Shehadnoappreciationofthedifficultieswewerefacing.她不了解我们所面临的困难。Thereisagrowingappreciationoftheneedforchange.改革的迫切性愈来愈为人们所认识。3)(尤指土地或财产的)增值4)感激；感谢Iwouldliketoexpressmyappreciationandthankstoyouall.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。I’llbesendingthemadonationinappreciationoftheirhelp.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。Showyourappreciationbylittleactsofkindness.通过点滴善行来表达你的谢意。9.sorrown.1)悲痛,悲伤;遗憾,懊悔Imustconvertsorrowintostrength.我要化悲痛为力量。2)不幸的事;忧患Themanysorrowsturnedherhairwhite.这许多的不幸事使她的头发变白了。【Derivation】sorrowfuladj.悲伤的，伤心的10.accomplishvt.完成了的；实现了的；竣工的vt.1)完成,实现,做成功Mygrandmotherhasaccomplishedtheageof97yearsofherlife.我祖母已达97岁高龄。2)达到(目的)；完成(任务、使命、计划、事业等)；实现(诺言、计划等)Thistaskisaccomplishedbygreateffort.这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。3)做到，做成，做成功Sheseemstoaccomplishnothing.她似乎没有任何建树。【Derivation】accomplishmentn.成就；完成accomplisheda.完成的；熟练的【Discrimination】1.achievev.“成功取得，实现美好的事物”，后面不接贬义词做宾语。如不能说：Theteamachievedfailure.2.complete强调“完整”，常跟建筑、工程、书籍等词语连用，指按预期目标把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成，语气比finish正式，但很多情况下可以和finish通用。complete后面只能接名词。如：Lucywantedtocompletethefirstchapterofherbookbeforegoingtobed.3.finish强调“结束”，最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。在做把什么东西“吃完、喝完”解时，不能用complete代替。如：Whenhefinishedspeaking,weallapplauded.4.accomplish带有“圆满完成”之意，后面常跟任务、目的、旅程。如：Fredcanaccomplishmoreinadaythananyotherboyinhisclass.-4-10.thankfula.感谢的,感激的;欣慰的bethankfultosb.forsth.Iwasthankfulforherhelp.我感谢她的帮助【Derivation】thankfulnessn.感激【Synonym】grateful感激的,感谢的（gratefulness）Theysentusagratefulletter.他们给我们寄来了一封感谢信。I'dbeverygratefulifyoucouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果你尽快让我知道我将非常感激。11.adaptvi.适应于，适应不同情况(或环境)(adaptto)Shehasnotyetadaptedtotheclimate.她还没适应气候。vt.1)改编,改写ManyofDickens'bookshavebeenadaptedasfilms.狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。2)改变…以适合(for)Manycityvehicleshavebeenadaptedforuseasschoolbuses.许多城市车辆已改为校车。【Derivation】adaptationn.1)适应,适合Thebookdescribedtheadaptationofdesertspeciestothehotconditions.这本书描绘了沙漠物种对炎热环境