美国文学史及作品选读Chapter-1

2020/3/131ChapterⅠTheLiteratureofColonialAmerica2020/3/1321.HistoricalBackground1607JamestownColony,inVirginia.1620PlymouthColony1630MassachusettsBayColony1640TheBayPsalmBook,thefirstpublicationinAmerica.2020/3/1331.CaptainJohnSmith:(1580—1631)TheFirstAmericanWriter—Primarilyanadventurer,explorer,andtrader.2.NewEnglandLiterature:aliteratureofideas:JohnCotton:thefirstmajorintellectualspokesmanofTheMassachusettsBayColony.“ThePatriarchofNewEngland”2020/3/1342.TheFirstAmericanWriter--CaptainJohnSmith:(1580—1631)Primarilyanadventurer,explorer,andtrader.Mainworks:----ATrueRelationofsuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony(1608)----AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1612)----DescriptionofNewEngland,(1616)----GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)2020/3/135(1)AnneHutchinson:(1591-1643)SherefusedtoworshipGodinthemannerdemandedbythePuritanChurch,ShewasbanishedfromMassachusettsBayin1638.(2)RogerWilliams:(1603—1683)exiletoRhodeIsland.HebeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica,andthehistoryoftheseparationofchurchandstate.AKeyintotheLanguageofAmerica.3.NewEnglandLiterature:Aliteratureofideas:2020/3/136NewEnglandLiterature:(3)JohnCotton:ThefirstmajorintellectualspokesmanofTheMassachusettsBayColony.“ThePatriarchofNewEngland”(4)AnneHutchinson:SherefusedtoworshipGodinthemannerdemandedbythePuritanChurch,whichcontrolledthegovernmentofMassachusettsBayColony.ShebelievedthatapersoncomestoknowGodthroughhisorherownconscience,notbysimplyobeyingthestrictrulesofthePuritanChurch.ShewasbanishedfromMassachusettsBayin1638.2020/3/137NewEnglandLiterature:(5)RogerWilliams:(1603—1683)HewenttoMassachusettsColoniesin1631,exiletoRhodeIsland.HebeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica,andthehistoryoftheseparationofchurchandstate.HewasinterestedintheIndianlanguage.Hismainwork:AKeyintotheLanguageofAmerica.(6)CottonMather:(1663—1728)aclergyman.Hewrotemorethan450works..2020/3/138NewEnglandLiterature:(7)EdwardTaylor:(1642—1729):ThebestofthePuritanpoets.HecamefromEnglandandattendedHarvard.Hispoemswerenotpublishedwhenhewasalive.Themanuscriptswerefoundin1937.(8)WilliamBradford(1590—1657):BorninYorkshireEngland.Hisfather,afarmer,diedwhenWilliamwasnotyetoneyearold.HewasontheMayflowerandsingedthe“MayflowerCompact”..firstgovernorofPlymouth:TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(1856)“OfPlymouthPlantation”(1620-1647)intwovolumes.2020/3/139NewEnglandLiterature:(9)AnneBradstreet:(1612—1672)HerfatherandherhusbandweregovernorsofMassachusetts.TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica.(1650)“UpontheBurningofOurHouse”(onJuly10th,1666):Godrewardedgoodandpunishedbad.EverynaturalandhumaneventasamessagefromGod2020/3/1310NewEnglandLiterature:(10)JohnWinthrop:(1588—1649)ThefirstgovernorofMassachusettsBayColony:TheHistoryofNewEngland(1826)In1630,headdressedtheimmigrants:“theeyesoftheworldwereuponyou,andthattheywouldbeanexampleforall,acityuponahill.”(11)JonathanEdwards(1702—1758)Thesonofapowerfulminister.HecametoacceptandrelywhollyuponGod,andgained“aninwardsweetdelightinGodanddivinethings.”ThesoleministerofNorthHamptonfortwentyyears.Hewaswell-knownasapowerfulandstrongpreacher.“SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod”2020/3/13114.TopicsofcolonialAmericanliterature:Theirvoyagetothenewland,adaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcrops,dealingwithIndians.Theywroteindiariesandinjournals.Theywrotelettersandcontractsandgovernmentchartersandreligiousandpoliticalstatements.Theywroteaboutthelandwhichstretchedbeforethem.Allseemedpossiblethroughhard-workandfaith.2020/3/13125.Puritans:ThosesettlerswhooriginallyweredevoutmembersoftheChurchofEngland.Theywishedto“purify”theritualsandtolessentheauthorityofbishops.TheyreliedontheBible.NotonlydidtheyarguebyquotingtheBible,buttheysawtheirwholesituationinBiblicalterms,andthereforeallevents,howeversmall,werecreatedbyGod,orelsetheDevil.Thewriting,therefore,heldthesermonasoneofitshighestforms.