山地排水

三峡库区山地小城镇排水体制及排水管渠管理方法的研究重庆大学硕士学位论文学生姓名：高祥指导教师：龙腾锐教授专业：市政工程学科门类：工学重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二O一一年四月StudyonDrainageSystemandManagementforMountainousTownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegionAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringByGaoXiangSupervisedbyProf.LongTengruiMajor:MunicipalEngineeringFacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,ChinaApril2011中文摘要I摘要随着我国西部大开发的逐步实施，三峡库区山地小城镇的数量、经济水平等均得到了迅猛的发展。然而，库区内多数山地小城镇在筹备、建设、运行管理排水设施时都或多或少的遇到了一些技术方面的问题，部分设计人员在设计时并不能综合考虑各个方面的因素，造成排水体制选择上的不合理。针对这一现状，为了促进三峡库区山地小城镇的健康发展，有必要根据库区山地小城镇的具体情况，提出相应的、合适的排水体制以及相应的排水管渠管理措施和方法。论文首先介绍了国内外工程应用较为成熟的几种排水体制并对其优缺点进行了简单的对比分析；通过建立数学模型，在初期雨水径流污染物浓度（CODcr）分别为高值、中值和低值的情况下，对分流制排水系统的初期雨水和截流式合流制排水系统溢流污水的水质、水量进行了对比分析。得出结论：在环境卫生条件以及管渠系统管理较好的地区，由于初期雨水径流污染物浓度较小，分流制排水系统所带来的污染物更少，优势更明显；反之，截流式合流制排水系统更有优势。通过文献查阅、结构化访谈和专家问卷调查三种方式构建了三峡库区山地小城镇排水体制综合评价指标体系；运用M-AHP法对该指标体系进行主观赋权，并用熵值法再次进行赋权，然后对两种赋权结果加以综合确定了三峡库区山地小城镇排水体制综合评价指标体系中各指标的权重；最后采用灰色关联分析法对较为适宜三峡库区山地小城镇的排水体制进行综合评价，得出不完全分流制与理想方案的关联度最高，其次分别是完全分流制和截流式合流制。结合三峡库区山地小城镇的现状、特点以及综合评价结果，论文提出了三峡库区内不同类型的山地小城镇在发展的不同阶段所适宜的排水体制。对于新建小城镇、地表环境及空气质量较好的小城镇以及具有较大发展潜力的小城镇而言，可以将截流式分流制排水系统分期建设，首先建成污水管网，形成不完全分流制排水系统；随着资金的逐步到位，逐步建成完全分流制排水系统，最后形成截流式分流制排水系统。而对于一些地表环境差、建设年代较早，用地紧张以及发展受到限制的小城镇，截流式合流制排水系统较为合适；待资金充足以后，在溢流处修建局部的污水处理设施或采取一定的措施在源头以及管道内对水量进行削减，以减轻对水体的污染。最后，针对于分流制排水管渠的错接问题和截流式合流制排水系统的溢流污染问题提出了适合三峡库区山地小城镇的管理方法和措施。关键词：三峡库区，小城镇，排水管网，排水体制，指标体系重庆大学硕士学位论文II英文摘要IIIABSTRACTFollowingtheChina’sWestLeapProject,thequantityandeconomiclevelofmanysmallmountainoustownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegionincreasedrapidlyintherecentyears.However,sometechnicalissuestroubledthesetownswhentheyareintheirpreparationofconstructionandoperationmanagementindrainagefacilitiesmoreorless.Somedesignerscannotcomprehensivelyconsiderallfactorsindesigning,sothattheychoosethewrongdrainagesystem.AccordingtothecurrentsituationofthesetownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegion,inordertopromotethehealthydevelopmentofthesetowns,Itisnecessarytomakesuretheappropriatedrainagesystemandthecorrespondingdrainagepipelines’managementmeasuresaccordingtothespecificcircumstancesofthesemountainoustowns.Firstly,severaldrainagesystemswhichhavewideapplicationsarereviewed,alsoincludingtheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Byestablishingmathematicalmodels,pollutionloadofearly-stagerainfallinseparatesystemandcombinedsystemoverflowsarecomparativelyanalyzedwhenpollutantconcentration(CODcr)inearly-stagerainfallsarerespectivelyinhighvalue,medianandlowvalue.Theconclusionisthatinthetownswhichhavewellenvironmentalconditionsanddrainagesystemsmanagement,separatesystemisbetterbecausetheconcentrationofpollutantinearly-stagerainfallisless.Conversely,combinedsystemhasmoreadvantages.ComprehensiveevaluationindexsystemofdrainagesystemofmountainoustownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegionwasestablishedthroughLiteratureSearching、StructuredInterviewandDelphi.TheweightoftheindexsystemwasdeterminedbylinkingwithM-AHPandEntropyMethod.Throughtheanalysisandcomparisonofcommoncomprehensiveassessmenttheories,GreyRelatedAnalysiswasusedtoevaluatethedrainagesystemofmountainoustownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegion.Theconclusionisthatcorrelationofincompleteseparatesystemisthehighest,followedbythecompleteseparatesystemandinterceptivecombinedsystem.ConsideringthepresentsituationandcharacteristicsofmountainoustownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegionandcomprehensiveevaluationresults,differentdrainagesystemswhicharesuitableforthedifferenttypesofmountainoustownsintheirdifferentdevelopmentstageswereputforward.Forthenewtownsandthosetownswhohavepotentialfordevelopmentorhavebettersurfaceenvironmentandairquality,重庆大学硕士学位论文IVinterceptiveseparatesystemcanbeconstructedstepbysteponthebasisoffinancialcapability:firstlybuildsewagepipelines,thenseparatesystem,andfinallyformsintointerceptiveseparatedrainagesystem.Butforthoseolddistrictandtownswhosesurfaceenvironmentisnotsowell,constructionlandisinsufficiencyanddevelopmentisrestricted,interceptivecombinedsystemisrelativelymoreappropriate.Buildpartialwastewatertreatmentattheinterceptingwelltotreattheoverflowsortakesamemeasurestoreducewaterquantityatsourcesandinthepipelinestocutthewaterpollutionwhenthereisadequatefund.Finally,aimatsolvingthemisconnectionofseparatedrainagesystemandcombineddrainagesystemoverflows,asetofmanagementmethodsandmeasureswereputforwardforthemountaintownsinThreeGorgesReservoirRegion.Keywords:ThreeGorgesReservoirRegion,Towns,Drainagepipenetwork,Drainagesystem,Indexsystem目录V目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I英文摘要.......................................................................................................................................III1绪论.........................................................................................................................................11.1三峡库区山地小城镇的界定...............................................................................................11.1.1小城镇的界定....