2014高考英语-语法专题复习11-非谓语动词用法与考点预测精品课件

一、非谓语动词用法１、非谓语动词的种类：不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（V-ed）２、非谓语动词的功能：1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。３、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分成分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√４、非谓语动词用做定语1.Pleasegivehimsomething.A.eatenB.eatingC.toeatD.tobeeaten2.Ineedapen.A.writtenB.towriteC.towritewithD.writingwith3.Theroomtheseaismygrandpa’sA.facedB.facingC.tofaceD.faces4.Thewomantheclothesoverthereismyaunt.A.washedB.beingwashedC.TowashD.washingCCBD5.Thebridge,in1950,brokedownintheflood.A.builtB.hadbuiltC.buildingD.tobebuilt6.Thingsaremighter(强大的)thanthings.A.seen;hearingB.seeing;heardC.tosee;tohearD.seen;heardTranslatethefollowingsentences:。ADThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Ihavesomehouseworktodotonight.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4。5.6.Theroadleadingtomyhometownisverynarrow.Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismydeskmate.Thethiefcaughtbythepolicelastnightwasputintoprison.Comparethephrasesorsentencesbelow：1.TherisingsunTherisensun2.Themaninvitedtothepartyismyboss.Themaninvitingmanyguestsismyboss4.I’mgoingtobuysomepicture-booksforthechildrentoreadIhavesomeclothestowash.Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.位置关系：1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面2.与被修饰词的关系：1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3.动作发生的时间关系：1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。５、非谓语动词用做状语：Comparethefollowingsentences:1.Wearegladtohearthenews.2.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.3.Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.4.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.5.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanfindthecitymorebeautiful.6.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.7.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforapicnictomorrow.8.Timepermitting,wewillgothere.Summarizetheusagesofnonfiniteverbs:1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、。其做结果和原因状语时，常置于句子的；做目的状语时常置于,也可以置于。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示等。如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与相互转换。结果和原因后部句中原因、条件、伴随状语从句句首Completetheexcisesbelow:1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.TotellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.Can’tyouread?MarysaidtothenoticeA.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.topointD.andangrilypointlyBATranslatethefollowingsentences:Inordertoloseweight,hejusteatssomefruitseveryday.Beingill,hedidn’tcometoschool.Notknowninghowtotoit,Iaskedforhelpfrommyteacher.Beatenbyhisfather,theboydarednotgoout.二、非谓语动词考点预测（一）非谓语动词考点分析非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2007江苏卷)—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking2.(2007辽宁卷)Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad___homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking真题再现知识链接常用能接动名词的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise,can’thelp,celebrate,consider,complete,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,understand,allow等。（二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2008江苏卷)—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking2.(2006重庆卷)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto____thepapers.A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3.(2006江西/改错)I'mlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.真题再现知识链接1.常见的短语动词有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,can'thelp,can’tstand,feellike,insiston,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin等。2.下列短语中的to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：lookforwardto,befamiliarto,owe…to,turnto,getdownto,attribute…to,liveupto,inrelationto,admitto,bedevotedto,owingto,thanksto,objectto,beaccustomedto等。hearing3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1.(2005天津卷)Idon’twant_________likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.(2006北京卷)Ican’tstand_________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop真题再现知识链接常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford,agree,ask,arrange,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,determine,decide，dare,desire,demand,expect,fail,forget,hate,hope,manage,intend,learn,help，like,long,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,seek,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,seem,tend,threaten,volunteer,want,wish等。4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。1.(2007安徽卷)—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking2.(2006湖南卷)Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_____herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting真题再现知识链接接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做);forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)2.remembertodosth.记着去做某事(未做);rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)3.stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止做正在做的某事4.regrettodosth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;regretdoingsth.对已做的事情表示后悔5.trytodosth努力去做某事;trydoingsth.做某事试一试6.meantodosth.打算、意欲做某事;meandoingsth.意味着做某事1.(2008上海卷)Ifthere’salotofwork______,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing2.(2007全国卷I)—Thelastone________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A