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名词一、考查重点1.可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的单数与复数名词所有格3.名词用法以及词义辨析知识网络名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词规则变化不规则变化不可数名词:不可数名词的量名词所有格所有格的构成所有格的用法名词双重所有格名词的句法作用:作主语、宾语、定语等名词的分类名词所有格名词的句法作用名词{专有名词(如:Tom,China,theUnitedStates,January,Monday)可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,wood)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如:teacher教师)集体名词(如:police警察)不可数名{名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。普通名词可数名词个体名词:chair,book集体名词:people,family不可数名词物质名词:rain,ice,sunshine抽象名词:love,knowledge考点一名词的分类名词单数的表达一般可用a,an,one来修饰注:a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhourflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves特殊:roof---roofs特殊:belief---beliefs找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato,tomato,hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoosradio-radiosbamboo--bambooschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men2.不规则变化(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别:German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变,其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water,rice,fish,meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰,常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any,plentyof等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用复数,不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶(2)一碗饭(3)两公斤肉(4)五瓶橘汁(5)一双鞋(6)许多瓶牛奶4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA专有名词:1.表示人名如:JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称,如:SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日:国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节)Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称,它们往往缩写,如:CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSNBAIQEQPERMBVIP(2016.贵州安顺)—Doyouknow____womaninred?—Yes,sheisaprofessorof____AnshunCollege.A.the,/B.a,/C.the,anD.the,the(2014.贵州贵阳)Itisreportedthataterriblerainstormhit_____southofourcountrylastnight.A.theB.aC.an中考链接(A)(A)SumupWhathaveyoulearntthislesson?•可数名词•不可数名词名词分类普通名词专有名词Thankyou!主谓一致1.当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义,动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.is名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下,在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC双重所有格•of+’s或of+名词性物主代词。如:•Abookofmydaughter’s•我女儿的一本书•我其中的一个朋友•Oneofmyfriends•Afriendofmine5.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有,在最后一个名词后加-’s;珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroom6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有,而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间Jenny’sandHelen’srooms6.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s重难点突破D7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西,也可以加–’s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日的报纸twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaperatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语,不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后面的名词twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance8.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破A1广东的省会2教室的门3我父亲的一个朋友4他的两个兄弟5爱迪生的一些发明6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名词的所有格Practice★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词
本文标题:中考英语名词总复习.ppt
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