动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work---worked工作play---played玩耍want----wanted想要act----acted扮演2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live---lived居住move----moved移动taste---tasted品尝hope---hoped希望3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study---studied学习copy---copied复制cry---cried哭喊4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop---stopped停止5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go–went去get–got到达come-came来到fly-flew飞make–made制造不规则动词的过去式的构成1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin—began开始drink—drank喝give—gave付出给sing—sang唱sit—sat坐ring—rang包围2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive—drove驾驶ride—rode骑write—wrote写3．改动词原形中的aw／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw—drew画grow—grew生长know—knew知道throw—threw仍（动词show除外，show—showed展示）4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：get—got得到forget—forgot忘记5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feed—fed送给meet—met遇见6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep—kept保持sleep—slept睡觉sweep—swept打扫7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break—broke打破speak—spoke说话8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell—sold卖tell—told告诉9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand—stood站立understand—understood明白10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如：bring—brought拿来buy—bought买think—thought想teach—taught教catch—caught捕捉11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：can—could能shall—should应该will—would将要12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：come—came来become—became成为13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hear—heard听say—said〔sed〕说mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕想要14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：let—let阻碍must—must必须put—put放置read—read〔red〕阅读15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，is—was是fall—fell砍伐hold—held保持take—took拿走are—were是feel—felt感觉have／has—had有see—saw看build—built建立fly—flew飞leave—left离开run—ran跑do—did做find—found找到make—made制造eat—ate吃go—went去may—might可能过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，want→wanted（要）need→needed（需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。help→helped（帮助）laugh→laughed（笑）look→looked（看）kiss→kissed（吻）wash→washed（洗）watch→watched（注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。call→called（叫）stay→stayed（停留）cry→cried（哭）动词现在分词构成规则直接在动词后面加-ingdo-doing做stand-standing站sleep-sleeping睡觉eat-eating吃work------workingsee-seeing看见cook-cooking烹饪sing-singing唱drink-drinking喝read-reading读look-looking看watch-watching看draw-drawing画fly-flying飞walk-walking散步open-opening打开jump-jumping跳paint-painting绘画pick-picking捡play-playing玩garden-gardening做园艺工作talk-talking说话learn-earning学习catch-catching抓住climb-climbing爬count-counting数数clean-cleaning打扫fish-fishing钓鱼以不发音的e结尾的去e加-ingcome–coming来dance-dancing跳舞close-closing关make–making制造ride–riding骑write-writing写take-taking拿走phone-phoning打电话dance-dancing跳舞move–moving移动搬have–having有leave-leavingwake-waking重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ingsit-sitting坐hop-hopping单脚跳swim-swimming游泳run-running跑cut-cutting切put–putting放get-getting得到shop-shopping购物skip-skipping跳绳begin-beginning开始forget-forgetting忘记stop-stopping停止travel-travelling旅行动词原形变第三人称单数的规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops[s]停止;make－makes[s]制造②read－reads[z]阅读;play－plays[z]玩耍2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]如：fly－flies[z]飞carry－carries[z]携带study－studies[z]学习worry－worries担心3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz]教watch－watches[iz]观看4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]如：go－goes[z]去do－does[z]做下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：1、do[du:]－does[dz]做2、say[sei]－says[sez]说以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。如：close－closes[iz]be动词包括：am，is，are。第三人称单数用is；过去式为was；复数用are，过去式为were.，