Part1-the-literature-of-colonial-america

Unit1ColonialAmericanLiterature1607~1776殖民地时期的美国文学Topics:•1HistoricalIntroduction•2LiteraryIntroduction•3TwoProminentFigures①BenjaminFranklin(1707~1790)②JonathanEdwards(1703~1758)1HistoricalIntroductionTheColonialPeriodofAmerica(1607~1776)Keywords:1.Indians&Indiancultures1)Mongols2)ChristopherColumbus=Indian3)TheIndians’life:tribalism4)TheIndiancultures:totems;decorativeart,myths,legends,lyricsKeywords:2.ThediscoveryofAmerica1)ChristopherColumbus(1492)2)AmerigoVespucci(1507)Keywords:3.BritishcolonizationofNorthAmerica1)ThefirstpermanentcolonyJamestown,Virginiain1607byCaptainJohnSmith2)13colonies:theNorththeMiddletheSouth=NewEnglandKeywords:3)NewEngland①6states②namedbyJohnSmithin1614③Mayflower,1620;Thanksgiving,1621④Puritans4)Lifeintheearlycolonies2LiteraryIntroductionTheColonialLiterature殖民地时期的美国文学TheColonialLiterature1.TheIndianliterature2.Theliteratureofexplorationperiod3.ThecolonialliteraturetheNewEnglandliteratureTheNewEnglandLiterature1.IntroductionofNewEngland2.ItsroleinAmericanhistory3.Theliterature1)theearlyNewEnglandliterature:Theoretical神学的Moral道德的Historical历史的Political政治的2）TheFirstAmericanWriterCaptainJohnSmithJohnSmith“ATrueRelationshipofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”（1608）3）Puritanism/PuritanThoughts1.Roleintheformationofthenation2.ThereligiousbeliefofthePuritans清教徒的宗教信仰1)ThePuritanswantedtopurifytheirreligiousbeliefsandpractice.2)TorestoreanewGardenofEden3)Calvinism(加尔文主义)4)Calvinism（加尔文主义）:JohnCalvin(1509–1564)AFrenchgreattheologistwhoadvocated:•OriginalSin原罪•Predestination宿命论3.CharacteristicsofthePuritans清教徒的性格特点:•Optimistic乐观的•Practical现实的ViolentBigotryAusterityoftasteKilljoywayoflife4.LifeStyleofthePuritans•simple俭朴•hard艰苦•self–restraint克己5.Puritanism’sInfluenceonAmericanLiterature•1)optimism乐观主义•2)symbolism象征主义手法•3)fresh,simpleanddirectstyle清新明快的写作风格Plainandhonestrhetoric朴实无华的修辞AtouchofnobilityfromtheBible承袭圣经的高雅笔调TwoProminentFiguresBenjaminFranklin(1707~1790)JonathanEdwards(1703~1758)BenjaminFranklin(1706–1790)Heisa…•Prosewriter•scientist•inventor•newspaperpublisher•cityfatherofPhiladelphia•diplomat•TheonlyonewhosignedthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUSA.1literarystatusAgreatprosewriter:1)Heistheonlywriterinthecolonialperiodwhoseworksarestillreadtoday.2)Heembodiedthevirtuesofshrewdpracticalityandoptimisticbeliefinself-improvementoftenassociatedwithAmericaitself.3)Itishe,thesymbolofAmericaintheAgeofEnlightenmentbroughtthecolonialeratoaclose.2thehistorical&socialbackgrounds1）hislife:anembodimentof“AmericanDream”2）historical/socialbackground:•Puritanism•theEnlightenment(the18thcentury)3Hismasterpieces:“TheAutobiography”《自传》“PoorRichard’sAlmanac”《格言历书》Thesetwoworksinfluencedextraordinarilyonthefollowingwriters,notonlyincontentbutalsoinform.“TheAutobiography”1)ItwaswrittenbyFranklinbetween1771and1790.2)Itwasorganizedintofourparts.3)ItrealisticallydescribedthelifeofFranklinasashrewdandindustriousbusinessman,whoserags-to-richesexperiencebecametheprototypeofmanyAmericans’dreamofsuccess.Thetheme/subject:1)ItwasatypicalembodimentofPuritanismandtheEnlightenment.2)ThePuritan’semphasisonself-improvement,self-analysis,andmoralandethicalvalues,alongwiththeEnlightener’semphasisonrationalism,order,andeducation,couldfindexpressioninit.Thelanguage1)Franklin’smasteryofaprosestylecharacterizedbyclarity,concision,flexibility,andorderwascentraltohisfameasagreatmanofletters.2)Hisstyle,possessedwithamasterfulflexibilityandoriginalvitality,seemstobealwayshighlypolished,gracefulanddidacticasacollectionofmoralizingessays.JonathanEdwards(1703–1758)1literarystatusAgreatreligiousprosewriterApioneerofAmericantranscendentalism2historicalandsocialbackgroundsPuritanism(Calvinism)TheEnlightenmentMasterpieces:“TheFreedomoftheWill”《意志的自由》(1754)“TheFreedomoftheWill”“Ifeltanardencyofsoultobe…emptiedandannihilated;tolieinthedust,andtobefullofChristalone;tolovehimwithaholyandpurelove;totrustinhim;toliveuponhim;toserveandfollowhim;andtobeperfectlysanctifiedandmadepure,withadivineandheavenlypurity.”FranklinEdwardsPuritanismtheEnlightenmentⅹTheEndNewEngland