William-Blake-英国文学-presentation

Blake’sLifeBlake’sWorksBlake’spositioninEnglishLiteratureSelectedReadingsWilliamBlake1757-1827WilliamBlakewasborninLondonin1757.Insteadofgoingtoschool,hewasapprenticedtoanengraver,learningskillshewastousethroughouthiscareerasapoet.HethenbecameastudentattheRoyalAcademyofArts.WhenBlakewas23,hemadefriendswithpeoplewhowereinterestedinreligiousmysticism.Theyinfluencedhimgreatly:hepublishedhisfirstpoems,touchedwithmysticideas,in1783.Thefollowingyear,BlakesetupaprintshopinLondon.HeengravedandpublishedSongsofInnocence(fromwhichthesepoemsaretaken)in1789.SongsofExperiencefollowedin1794.Blake’sLifeBlakealwayswroteoutpoemsbyhandonanengravingplate,ratherthanusingtype,engravedillustrationsandhand-colouredthem:hewasconcernedwiththepresentationofhispoetryaswellasthewordsthemselves.HecontinuedtowriteaboutandengravehispropheticChristianvisionsthroughouthislife,althoughheneverfoundthefamehehadhopedfor.Blakediedin1827.Itwasnotuntil50yearslaterthathisworkbegantobewidelyrecognised.Yeats(whowroteTheSongoftheOldMother)admiredBlakeverymuch.Blake’sLifePoeticalSketches(1783)Blake’sfirstcollectionofpoemsisnamedPoeticalSketches,inwhichhewasstronglyopposedtotheclassicaltraditioninpoetrycomposingofthe18thcenturynotonlyinformbutalsoincontent.PoeticalSketchesisacollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical,andsomeofthemsoundlikeanvilmusic,rhythmic,shortandbrief.(Ananvilisalargeheavyblockofirononwhichasmithhammersheatedmetalintoshape.)Blake’sPoemsOtherCollectionsofBlake’sShortLyricsSongsofInnocence(1789)TheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)SongsofExperience(1794)popularpoems:TheTiger(SongsofExperience)TheLamb(SongsofInnocence)London(SongsofExperience)TheChimneySweeper(SongsofInnocence)LondonIwanderedthro’eachcharter’dstreets,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow,AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfant’scryoffear,Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhear.HowtheChimney-sweeper’scryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls;AndthehaplessSoldier’ssighRunsinblooddownPalacewall.Butmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlot’scurseBlaststhenew-bornInfant’stear,AndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse.Background:AftertheFrenchRevolutionbrokeout,theEnglishgovernmentfeltsoalarmedthatitstrengthenedthesuppressionofdemocraticactivitiesinEngland.London,theEnglishcapitalappearedquitedifferentfrombefore.Itwasfilledwithgloom,terrorandmisery.WilliamBlakehereshowedsufferingsofthemiserableandblamedtheupperclassofBritainontheinterruptionoftherevolutioninFrance.Also,hereallyfeltpityforthepoormassandhecouldwellfeelmiserypainandmiseryofthecommonpeople.Summary•ThespeakerwandersthroughthestreetsofLondonandcommentsonhisobservations.Heseesdespairinthefacesofthepeoplehemeetsandhearsfearandrepressionintheirvoices.Thewoefulcryofthechimney-sweeperstandsasachastisementtotheChurch,andthebloodofasoldierstainstheouterwallsofthemonarch’sresidence.Thenighttimeholdsnothingmorepromising:thecursingofprostitutescorruptsthenewborninfantandsulliesthe“Marriagehearse.”伦敦我走过每条独占的街道，徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边，我看见每个过往的行人有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。每个人的每声呼喊，每个婴孩害怕的号叫，每句话，每条禁令，都响着心灵铸成的镣铐。多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂，不幸兵士的长叹化成鲜血流下了宫墙。最怕是深夜的街头又听年轻妓女的诅咒！它骇注了初生儿的眼泪，又用瘟疫摧残了婚礼丧车。（王佐良译）Tiger!Tiger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?Andwhatshoulder,andwhatartCouldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?TheTigerWhatthehammer?whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whattheanvil?whatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwateredheavenwiththeirtears,Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?Tiger!Tiger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry?CollectionofBlake’sLongPoemsUndertheinfluenceoftheFrenchRevolution,Blakewroteaseriesoflongpoems,whichhecalledProphecies.They’rehighlysymbolicanddifficulttounderstand,butthegleamsofrevolutionarythoughtareshowninmanypages.OnepoementitledTheFrenchRevolutionisincludedinthiscollection.BlakewroteitatthemomentoftheveryoutbreakoftheFrenchbourgeoisrevolution,inwhichhepredictsthefinalvictoryoftherevolution.ItisconsideredthemostsignificantbecauseitdescribesanimportantrevolutionaryeventinmodernEuropeanhistorywithatrueprogressivetendency.themostindependentandthemostoriginalofalltheromanticpoetsofthe18thcentury(forgreaterpart,thepoetofinspirationalone,followingnoman’slead,obeyingnovoicebutthatinhisownmysticsoul)themostextraordinaryliterarygeniusofhisage(essentiallyopposedtotheclassicaltraditionofthatage)Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.agreatartist,gavedrawinglessons,illustratedbooks,engraveddesignsmadebyotherartists,printedmostofhispoetryhimselfBlake’sPositioninEnglishLiteratureAPre-RomanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcenturyapoetofromantictendencies:1)“Ifweseewithourimaginations,weseetheinfinite;ifweseewithourreason,weseeonlyourselves.”2)believedeverythi