放电等离子烧结技术的原理及应用

11320039MATERIALSSCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYVol111No13Sep.,2003,,(,150001,E-mail:[e-mail]):(SPS),,SPS,SPS,.:;;;;:TF124:A:1005-0299(2003)03-0327-05PrincipleandapplicationofsparkplasmasinteringtechnologyFENGHai2bo,ZHOUYu,JIADe2chang(SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China,E-mail:[e-mail])Abstract:Thebasicprinciples,systemconstituentsandtypicalsinteringtechniqueofsparkplasmasintering(SPS),anewadvancedsinteringtechniqueusedformaterialsconsolidation.SPSwerediscussedtofurtherstudyitsadvantages.Nano2materialssynthesis,functionalgradientmaterials(FGMs)andhighdensityfinegrainceramicsinteredbySPSwerediscussed.ThefutureresearchandapplicationofSPSwerereviewedaswell.Keywords:sparkplasmasintering;principle;nano2materials;functionalgradientmaterials;ceramic:2002-08-23.:(1971-),,;(1955-),,,,;(1969-),,,,.(SPS).,.,,,[1,2].SPS,,,,[35].SPS,,,SPS.1SPSSPS3(1)[5,6]:,;,;.SPS(HP),,,.,.,,,,.SPS(5001000MPa),(2030MPa)(10002000),,,SPS90%100%[1,2,5].1[5,6]Fig.1SchematicdiagramofSPSsystem[5,6]2SPS,,SPS[1,4,5,7].:SPS,,,SPS,2[5,8].SPS,,,,,,,3[9].,,,.,,,.,,,,.SPS.,,,,.-SPS.,,,[5,8,10].2[5,8]Fig.2EffectofON2OFFDCpulseenergizing[5,8]3[9]Fig.3Modelofparticle2pairindischargeprocess[9],,.,,I=ADexp{-(Wc+W0)[k(T0+Tc(t))]-1}.:W0,Wc,T0,Tc,D,A,kBoltzman.,,,,Tc(j)Tc=j2t(0)-1.:0,,82311,t,0tp,p.Wc=c-21k[j0(r)j0(r)-jn(r)jn(r)]drdr/2|r-r|.:j0jn,rr,c1.,,,Wc=K1j2V.:K1,j,V,=(0-n)(n+20)-1(n),I=ADexp{-(W0+K1j2V)[kT+kj2t(0)-1]-1}.,nK1||V0k-1,I=ADexp[-(W0+K1j2V)(kT0)-1],n0,0,.Wc0,II0(I0),.Avrami,.,,[11].,SPS,,SPS.SPS,.,,,,,,,SPS.3311,,.SPS,,.,,,SPS.Yong1015nm,900/60MPa/5min95%30nmFe-Co[12].:,,,SPS,[13,14],100nmY-TZP[15].WO3MgC,,1963K/1912-3812MPa/5minSPSWCWC-18%MgO[16].SPSMgO/BaTiO3[17]TiAl-XTi3Al-X[18]WC-10Co[19]Nd2Ti2O7/Al2O3[20].,Mo[21]NiTi[22]Nb-Al-NNb-Al-Mo[23]TiAl/Ti2AlC[24],SPS.,,SPS.312(FGMs),,,,SPS,.SPSZrO2(3Y)/NiZrO2(3Y)//Al[5,25].ZrO2/Ni(95%/90%/85%/80%/75%/70%/60%/50%/30%ZrO2()4,,,.,.,,.ShenSPSTiN/Al2O3[26].SPS,[3].SPS[27].9233,:4Fig.4Gradientgraphitedie313SPS,,,,,,,.Kim25nmAl2O3/Cu,50MPa,12505min,200500nm,97%,4151MPam1/2[28].Yoshimura10nm10%Al2O3/ZrO2,1300,100nm,98%[29].NishimuraSPS-Si3N4-Si3N4,15001600,57min,98%,150200nm[30].SPSAl2O3[31]SiC-Al2O3[32]SiC-ZrO2-Al2O3[33,34]3Y-TZP[13],,SPS,,[3537].Sialon,SPS1600,200/min,Ostwald(),,,.[38,39].,SPS,.SPS,.4SPS,,,,,,,.SPS,.SPS,,,SPS.:[1],,,.[J].,2001,6(16):1055-1061.[2],.[J].,2001,3(22):204207.[3].[J].,2001,6(11):7-16.[4],,.[J].,2002,3(20):129-134.[5],.[J].,1997,2(14):129-133.[6]JUNGYG,HACG,SHINJH,etal.FabricationoffunctionallygradedZrO2/NiCrAlYcompositesbyplasmaactivatedsinteringusingtapecastinganditsthermalbarrierproperty[J].MaterialsScienceandEngineering,2002(A323):110-118.[7],,.[J].,2000,6(24):445-449.[8],.[J].,1999,21(6):15-17.[9],,.[J].,2000,29(3):42-44.[10],,.[J].,1998,1:17-23.[11].[J].,1997,11(6):576-585.[12]KIMYD,CHUNGJY,KIMJ,etal.FormationofnanocrystallineFe-Copowdersproducedbymechani2calalloying[J].MaterialsScienceandEngineering,2000(A291):17-21.[13],,.3Y-TZP[J].,1999,6(14):03311985-988.[14]NYGRENM,SHENZJ.Onthepreparationofbio2,nano2andstructuralceramicsandcompositesbysparkplasmasintering[J].SolidStateSciences,2003(5):125-131.[15]LIW,GAOL.RapidsinteringofnanocrystallineZrO2(3Y)bysparkplasmasintering[J].JoftheEuropeanCeramicSociety,2000(20):2441-2445.[16]SHERIFEL2ESKANDARANYM.FabricationofnanocrystallineWCandnanocompositeWC-MgOre2fractorymaterialsatroomtemperature[J].JofAlloysandCompounds,2000(296):175-182.[17]HWANGHJ,NAGAIT,SANDOM,etal.Fabrica2tionofpiezoelectricparticle2dispersedceramicnanocom2posite[J].JoftheEuropeanCeramicSociety,1999(19):993-997.[18]CALDERONHA,GARIBAY2FEBLESV,UMEM2OTOM,etal.Mechanicalpropertiesofnanocrys2tallineTi-Al-Xalloys[J].MaterialsScienceandEngineering,2002(A329-331):196-205.[19]CHASI,HONGSH,KIMBK.Sparkplasmasin2teringbehaviorofnanocrystallineWC-10Cocementedcarbidepowders[J].MaterialsScienceandEngineer2ing,2003(A351):31-38.[20]ZHANGD,KUNTZJ,WANJ,etal.Alumina2basednanocompositesconsolidatedbysparkplasmasintering[J].ScriptaMaterialia,2002(47):737-741.[21],,,.[J].,2001,11(5):796-800.[22]YELL,LIUZG,RAVIPRASADK,etal.Consoli2dationofMAamorphousNiTipowdersbysparkplas2masintering[J].MaterialsScienceandEngineering,1998(A241):290-293.[23]MURAKAMIT,KOMATSUM,KAWAHARAA,etal.MechanicalpropertiesofsparkplasmasinteredNb-AlcompactsstrengthenedbydispersionofNb2NphaseandadditionsofMoandW[J].Intermetallics,1999(7):731-739.[24]MEIB,MIYAMOTOY.InvestigationofTiAl/Ti2AlCcompositespreparedbysparkplasmasintering[J].MaterialsChemistryandPhysics,2002(75):291-295.[25]OMORIM.Sintering,Consolidation,reactionandcrystalgrowthbythesparkplasmasystem[J].Materi2alScienceandEngineering,2000(A287):183-188.[26]SHENZJ,JOHNSSONM,NYGRENM.TiN/Al2O3compositesandgradedlaminatesthereofconsoli2datedbysparkplasmasintering[J].JoftheEuropeanCeramicSociety,2003(23):1061-1068.[27]LUOYM,PANW,LISQ,etal.Anovelfunction2allygradedmaterialintheTi-Si-Csystem[J].Ma2terialsScienceandEngineering,2003(A345):99-105.[28]KIMYD,OHST,MINKH,etal.SynthesisofCudispersedAl2O3nanoco