初中现在完成时讲解

现在完成时•现在完成时:•have/has+过去分词•1)表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。•Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.•Hehasjustcomeback.•2)表示过去发生的动作,但强调结果或对现在的影响。•Haveyouhadyoursupper?•Ihavereadthebooktwicealready.•在以上两种用法中常跟already,not…yet,never,just,before,ever,recently等时间继续下去的状语。•3)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。•HehasstudiedEnglishfor6years.•MaryhasbeenbusysinceshecamebackfromHangzhou..过去分词的构成1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e结尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped现在完成时Presentperfect句型1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。（回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．／“No，．．．haven’t（hasn’t）．”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.肯定句Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.Ihavenot(haven’t)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasn’t)seenthefilm.现在完成时的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+过去分词hasnot(hasn’t)+过去分词Ihaven’teatensupper.eat-eatenHehasn’tchangedhisidea.change-changedMymotherhasn’tcomebackhome.come-come否定句1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.I________________dinner________.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.He________________hishomework_________.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.Mum_______________thedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Susan________________Englishatschool.haven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedhasn’tlearned把下列句子改为否定句Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has提前+过去分词HaveyouknownSandyforalongtime?Yes,Ihave/No,Ihaven’t.know-knownHassheeatenanythingsince9:00a.m.Yes,shehas/No,shehasn’t.eat-eaten疑问句1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?把下列句子改为一般疑问句分清与一般过去时的用法现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。eg---Ihaveseenthefilm.eg---Isawthefilmlastweek.eg---Hehaslivedheresince1993.eg----Helivedherein1993.•Notes:•1)havegoneto与havebeento•havegoneto表示某人已离开了原地，去了另外某地，说话时，人已不在原地。后者表示某人曾•havebeento去过某地，说话时人已不在某地了。•HehasbeentoXi‘antwice.他曾经去过西安两次。（已经回来了）•Youcan’tfindhim.HehasgonetoXian.你找不到他。他去西安了。（没回来）动词填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4.I_______(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_______(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskept1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner..4.Susan’slearnedEnglishatschool.Whathaveyoualreadydone?Whathashejustdone?Whohascookedthedinner?WherehasSusanlearnedEnglish?对划线部分提问（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.---I’velivedherefor15years.eg.---I’velivedheresince15yearsago(1990)选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince练习题:1.It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn'tit?2.--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople___________(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCAGood-bye!