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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 经营企划 > 无传感器PSMS马达FOC控制算法详解
1258CFOC无传感器PMSM马达FOC控制算法详解©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide2课程目标通过本课程学习,您将:−了解一些目前最新的电机控制设计解决方案−了解一种新的永磁同步电机(PMSM)无传感器磁场定向控制(FOC)算法−了解如何查找更多关于该算法的信息©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide3课程安排OPMSM概述OPMSM的FOC控制O无传感器技术ODMCI介绍——一种有用的工具O演示1:整定PI参数O演示2:整定无传感器控制参数O回顾,答疑(Q&A)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide4课程安排OPMSM概述−PMSM应用−PMSM与BLDC的比较−PMSM结构−PMSM特性−PMSM操作©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide5PMSM应用O高效率和高可靠性O设计用于高性能伺服应用O可实现有/无位置编码器的运行方式O比ACIM体积更小、效率更高、重量更轻O采用FOC控制可实现最优的转矩输出O平滑的低速和高速运行性能O较低的噪声和EMI©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide6PMSM应用O空调机和冰箱(AC)压缩机O直接驱动洗衣机O高精度机床工具O汽车电动转向O牵引控制O数据储存©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide7PMSM与BLDC的比较O从其发展历史来看,两种电机发源于不同的领域O转矩产生的机理相同OBLDC是PMBDC的一个派生词OPMSM表示一个励磁磁场由PM提供的AC同步电机O控制方法不同(六步控制与FOC)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide8PMSM结构径向转子定子轴向转子定子©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide9PMSM结构©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide10PMSM结构OPMSM具有与BLDC类似的结构,但是,PMSM反电势信号为正弦的,而BLDCPMSM梯形波O数学模型不同OPMSM采用正弦电流驱动O与三相ACIM类似,但气隙磁通由转子上安装的磁钢产生©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide11BLDCPMSM特性PMSM定子磁链反电势©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide12PMSM特性O波形形状主要受到定子设计的影响O每相每极槽数是一个关键参数O分数槽、绕组和磁极电机可实现波形设计O制造容差决定波形的质量ebωt©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide13PMSM特性O具有正弦反电势波形的无刷电机O同步AC电机OBLACOPMSMeaebecωtvPMSM的反电势波形©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide14PMSM特性O理想的反电势不含有谐波O使得音频噪声减少O更高的效率——减少了寄生能量,这种能量可激发机械部件、导致其处于不可控的状态©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide15PMSM特性转矩转速0连续运行短时运行VSI电压曲线去磁限制VSI电流限制ωrT0©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide16PMSM运行sssiTTei∝=ωe电机RLviPMSM电气模型O瞬时功率−转矩x转速=反电势x相电流©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide17PMSM运行转矩产生考虑到F的方向,T=Frsinθ©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide18定子磁场转子磁场PMSM运行SNSNNSNSθSN©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide19PMSM运行O定子磁场可分解为与转子磁场平行和正交两个分量O只有正交(交轴)磁场分量产生转矩O平行(直轴)磁场分量产生作用于轴承的压力O相电流产生定子磁场且可被测量©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide20BEMF(V)电流(I)转矩θT=Fs*Rs*sinθSNNSθSNNSNS未采用FOCPMSM运行©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide21PMSM运行BEMF(V)电流(I)采用FOC转矩θT=Fs*Rs*sinθSNNS90°SNNSNS©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide22PMSM运行90°0π-π©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide23PMSM使用FOC控制O保持电流超前于转子位置90°O需要一直获取连续的转子位置信息O更好的转矩性能O无转矩脉动SNNS90°SNNSNS©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide24课程安排OPMSM概述OPMSM的FOC控制O无传感器技术ODMCI介绍——一种有用的工具O演示1:整定PI参数O演示2:整定无传感器控制参数O回顾,答疑(Q&A)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide25内容安排OPMSM的FOC控制−FOC概述−信号处理−PMSM的FOC控制©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide26FOC概述O采用正弦激励,并使所施加电流空间矢量与转子位置保持一定关系O定子电流和转子(磁钢)磁通相互作用产生转矩,从而使转子转动O需要采用电子控制实现电流矢量超前于转子位置90度,以实现最优转矩输出OT∞电流空间矢量©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide27FOC概述O提升动态响应O减少转矩脉动O可扩展转速范围O低噪声和EMI©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide28信号处理abcαβdq3-轴定子坐标系2-轴定子坐标系2-轴旋转坐标系矢量坐标系©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide29信号处理O通过三相电压控制电流空间矢量O坐标变换简化了数学方程,使得三相电机控制可采用与直流电机相同的传统方法O三相时间变量变换到2轴时间常量©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide30信号处理aciaicibisb3相坐标系(定子电流空间矢量表示)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide31信号处理实部α和虚部β分量为=isα+jisβ。变换至正交静止坐标系。投射到2相系统(Clarke变换)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide32信号处理从静止坐标系变换到旋转坐标系。直轴和交轴定子电流分量的表征αβθdq投射到旋转坐标系统(Park变换)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide33信号处理从静止坐标系变换到旋转坐标系(该坐标系以转子速度旋转)投射到旋转坐标系统(Park变换)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide34信号处理电机绕组中通入对称的电流将产生一个合成的旋转电流空间矢量,该矢量与转子位置正交。为实现最优控制,Iq应取最大值而Id应取最小值旋转坐标系中的矢量©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide35信号处理dqisiqid旋转坐标系中的矢量转矩∝∝iqiq磁通∝∝id它们都是不随时间变化的量,可看作DC参数,这使得它们可被独立地进行控制©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide36PMSM的FOC控制ΣΣΣΣΣΣ三相逆变桥QEIQEISVMPIPIPI---d,qα,βθiqidd,qα,βAB编码器iαiβiaib电机α,βa,b,cVαVβVqVdiqrefidrefNref速度和位置这将使能最优的转矩控制©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide37PMSM的FOC控制OPI控制器运行于转子定向的d-q坐标系,它们为直流量,不同于电机电压和电流(为正弦变化量),因此在电机低速和高速运行时都能运行良好。OIq跟踪给定转矩,Id参考值为零;这将产生最优的转矩输出OPI控制器输出将被变换为三相电压信号以输出到三相逆变桥(反Park变换,反Clarke变换包含在SVM中)©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide38BEMF(V)电流(I)SNNSθSNNSNS未使用FOC转矩θT=Fs*Rs*sinθPMSM的FOC控制BEMF(V)电流(I)SNNS90°SNNSNS使用FOC©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.1258FOCSlide39PMSM的FOC控制PI速度控制PI速度+FOC控制相电流响应©2008MicrochipTechnologyIncorp
本文标题:无传感器PSMS马达FOC控制算法详解
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