美国特工训练手册(格斗)

CHAPTER5LONG-RANGECOMBATIVESInlong-rangecombatives,thedistancebetweenopponentsissuchthatthecombatantscanengageoneanotherwithfullyextendedpunchesandkicksorwithhandheldweapons,suchasrifleswithfixedbayonetsandclubs.Asinmedium-rangecombatives,afightermustcontinuouslymonitorhisavailablebodyweaponsandopportunitiesforattack,aswellaspossibledefensemeasures.Hemustknowwhentoincreasethedistancefromanopponentandwhentoclosethegap.Thespheresofinfluencethatsurroundeachfightercomeintocontactinlong-rangecombatives.(SeeChapter6forintervalgapsandspheresofinfluence.)Section1NATURALWEAPONSThemostdangerousnaturalweaponsasoldierpossesesarehishandsandfeet.Thissectiondescribesnaturalweapontechniquesofvariouspunches,strikes,andkicksandstressesaggressivetacticswithwhichtosubdueanopponent.5-1.EXTENDEDARMPUNCHESANDSTRIKESExtendedarmpunchesandstrikesinlong-rangecombatives,likethoseinmedium-rangecombatives,shouldbedirectedatvitalpointsandnervemotorpoints.Itisessentialtoputtheentirebodymassinmotionbehindlong-rangestrikes.Closingthedistancetothetargetgivesthefighteranopportunitytotakeadvantageofthisprinciple.a.Inextendedpunches,thebodyweaponisusuallythefist,althoughthefingersmaybeused—forexample,eyegouging.Whenpunching,holdthefistverticallyorhorizontally.Keepthewriststraighttopreventinjuryandusethefirsttwoknucklesinstriking.b.Anotherusefulvariationofthefististoplacethethumbontopoftheverticalfistsothatthetipprotrudesbeyondthecurledindexfingerthatsupportsit.Thethumbstrikeisespeciallyeffectiveagainstsofttargets.5-1FM21-150Donotfullylockoutthearmwhenpunching;keepaslightbendintheelbowtopreventhyperextensioniftheintendedtargetismissed.5-2.KICKSKicksduringhand-to-handcombatarebestdirectedtolowtargetsandshouldbesimplebuteffective.CombatsoldiersareusuallyburdenedwithcombatbootsandLCE.Hisflexibilitylevelisusuallylowduringcombat,andifengagedinhand-to-handcombat,hewillbeunderhighstress.Hemustrelyongrossmotorskillsandkicksthatdonotrequirecomplicatedmovementormuchtrainingandpracticetoexecute.a.SideKneeKick.Whenanopponentlaunchesanattack—forexample,withaknife(Figure5-1,Step1),itismostimportantforthedefendertofirstmovehisentirebodyoffthelineofattackastheattackermovesin.Asthedefenderstepsoffat45degreestotheoutsideandtowardtheopponent,hestrikeswithashortpunchtothefloatingribs(Figure5-1,Step2).Thenthedefenderturnshisbodybyrotatingontheleading,outsidefootandraisesthekneeofhiskickinglegtohischest.Hethendriveshiskickintothesideoftheattacker’skneewithhisfootturned45degreesoutward(Figure5-1,Step3).Thisanglemakesthemostofthestrikingsurfaceandreduceshischancesofmissingthetarget.5-2FM21-1505-3FM21-150b.FrontKneeKick.Astheattackermovesin,thedefenderimmediatelyshiftsoffthelineofattackanddriveshiskickingfootstraightintothekneeoftheattacker(Figure5-2).Heturnshisfoot45degreestomakethemostofthestrikingsurfaceandtoreducethechancesofmissingthetarget.Ifthekickisdoneright,theattacker’sadvancewillstopabruptly,andthekneejointwillbreak.5-4FM21-150c.HeelKicktoInsideofThigh.Thedefendersteps45degreesoutsideandtowardtheattackertogetoffthelineofattack.Heisnowinapositionwherehecandrivehisheelintotheinsideoftheopponent’sthigh(femoralnerve)(Figure5-3,Steps1and2).Eitherthighcanbetargetedbecausethekickcanstillbeexecutedifthedefendermovestotheinsideoftheopponentratherthantotheoutsidewhengettingoffthelineofattack.5-5FM21-150d.HeelKicktoGroin.Thedefenderdrivesaheelkickintotheattacker’sgroin(Figure5-4)withhisfullbodymassbehindit.Sincethegroinisasofttarget,thetoecanalsobeusedwhenstrikingit.5-6FM21-150e.ShinKick.Theshinkickisapowerfulkick,anditiseasilyperformedwithlittletraining.Whenthelegsaretargeted,thekickishardtodefendagainst(Figure5-5),andanopponentcanbedroppedbyit.5-7FM21-150Thecalvesandcommonperonealnerve(Figure5-6)arethebeststrikingpoints.Theshinkickcanalsobeusedtoattackthefloatingribs(Figure5-7).5-8FM21-150f.SteppingSideKick.Asoldierstartsasteppingsidekick(Figure5-8,Step1)bysteppingeitherbehindorinfrontofhisotherfoottoclosethedistancebetweenhimandhisopponent.Themovementislikethatinaskip.Thesoldiernowbringsthekneeofhiskickingfootupandthrustsoutasidekick(Figure5-8,Step2).Tremendouspowerandmomentumcanbedevelopedinthiskick.5-9FM21-150g.CountertoFrontKick.Whentheattackertriesafrontkick,thedefendertrapsthekickingfootbymeetingitwithhisown(Figure5-9,Step1).Thedefenderturnshisfoot45degreesoutwardtoincreasethelikelihoodofstrikingtheopponent’skickingfoot.Thiscounterrequiresgoodtimingbythedefender,butnotnecessarilyspeed.Donotlookatthefeet;useyourperipheralvision.Whenanattackertriesafrontkick(Figure5-9,Step2),thedefenderstepsoffthelineofattackoftheincomingfoottotheoutside.Astheattacker’skickinglegbeginstodrop,thedefenderkicksupwardintothecalfoftheattacker’sleg(Figure5-9,Step3).Thiskickisextremelypainfulandwillprobablyrenderthelegineffective.Thistechniquedoesnotrelyonthedefender’sspeed,butonpropertiming.Thedefendercanalsokicktoanopponent’skickinglegbymovingoffthelineofattacktotheinsideandbyusingtheheelkicktotheinsideofthethighorgroin(Figure5-9,Step4).5-10FM21-1505-11FM21-150h.CountertoRoundhouse-Typ