TCP-IP协议详解

TCP/IP11.1TCP/IPTCP/IP6090(Internet)WAN100TCP/IPTCP/IP[Lynch1993]1.2TCP/IPTCP/IP1.11.1TCP/IP1.2.TCP/IPIPICMPInternetIGMPInternet3.TCP/IPTCPUDPTCPUDP4.TCP/IP·Telnet·FTP·SMTP·SNMPLANFTP1.21.2FTPFTPFTPTelnetTCPIP1.2UNIX1.21.2FTPTCPIPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCPIPInternet(InternetProtocolSuite)FTPTelnet8090(internet)FDDIp.4IPIPRouters(Router)gatewaysTCP/IPTCP/IPIBMSNA1.31.3endsystemintermediatesystemend-to-endhop-by-hop1.3TCP/IPIPTCPIPTCPmultihomed,TCP/IPFTPTelnet1.320LANTCP/IP[Perlman1992]121.3TCP/IPTCP/IP1.41.4TCP/IPTCPUDPIPTCPIP1722TCPTCP26TelnetRlogin27FTP28SMTPUDPTCPUDP11UDP14DomainNameSystem15TrivialFileTransferProtocol16BootstrapProtocolUDPSNMPUDP25IPTCPUDPTCPUDPIP1.4IP3IP910IPICMPIPIP6ICMPICMPIPPingTraceroute78ICMPIGMPInternetUDP12UDP13IGMPARPRARPIP451.4InternetIPIP32bitInternet123IP1.532dotteddecimalnotationB140.252.13.331.61.51.6IPIPIPIPIPInternetNetworkInformationCentreInterNICInterNICp.8Internet(IPDNS)NICnic.ddn.mil199341InterNICNICInternetInterNICrs.internic.netInterNICrs.internic.netds.internic.netis.internic.netInterNIC1.8IP12133.4IP3.9IP011.5IPTCP/IPDNSIP14DNSIPIPIP4TelnetIP1.6TCP1.7TCPIPTCPTCPTCPsegmentIPIP(IPdatagram)(frame)1.74615004.52.8p.9InternetTCP/IPoctetTCP/IPDEC-108bit8bitbyte1.7IPpacketIPIPfragment11.5IPUDPTCPUDPIPUDPUDPdatagramUDP81.761.4TCPUDPICMPIGMPIPIPIPIP81ICMP2IGMP6TCP17UDPTCPUDPTCPUDP16bitTCPUDPIPARPRARP16bit1.7Demultiplexing1.81.8p.11ICMPIGMP1.4IPIPIPICMPIGMPIPARPRARPIP2.4ARPIPTCPIP1.8I1.I2.I3.I4.I1I2C1.C2.C3.C1TCPUDP11.12UDP18.11TCP1.9TCPUDP16TCP/IPFTPTCP21TelnetTCP23TFTP()UDP69TCP/IP11023InternetInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority,IANAp.13199212552561023UnixUnixUnixIANA11023InternetUnixTelnetRloginTelnet23TCP/IPRloginUnixUnix80513TCP/IP102450005000Internet)p.13Solaris2.2TCPUDP32768E.4Unixfile/etc/servicesTelnetp.13Unix11023Rlogin26.21.10TCP/IPInternet1.InternetISOC:InternetSocietyInternetInternet2.InternetIABInternetArchitectureBoard15InternetIABISOC3.InternetIETFInternetEngineeringTaskForce9IETFInternetIETFInternetIESGInternetEngineeringSteeringGroup4.InternetIRTFIETFIAB[Crocker1993]Internet1.11RFCInternetRFCRequestforCommentRFCRFC1200RFC1122RFCRFCFTPInternetRFCTo:[e-mail]:gettingrfcshelp:ways_to_get_rfcsRFCRFCRFC1.RFCAssignedNumbersRFCInternetRFC1340[ReynoldsandPostel1992]InternetRFCRFC13402.InternetRFC1600[Postel1994]RFCInternetRFCRFC3.RFC11221123[Braden1989a,1989b]RFC1122RFC1123RFCRFC[Borman1993b]RFCRFC1127[Braden1989c]RFC4RFCRFC1009[BradenandPostel1987][Aknqyust1993]RFC1.12Telnet1.9TCPUDP.p.15TCP/IPTelnet,FTP,SMTPNCPNCPARPANETTCPNCPTCPUDPNCPp.161.9TCPUDPRFCecho77862discard99863daytime1313867chargen1919864TCPUDPtime373786832bitUTC1900111.91.131.31.41.9InternetIPInterNICIANAinternetinternetInternetTCP/IP100InternetinternetinternetInternet1.14TCP/IP4.xBSDBerkeleySoftwareDistribution1.10BSDTCP/IPBSDTelnetFTPSunOS4.x,SVR4,AIX3.2p.171.104.2BSD(1983)TCP/IP4.3BSD(1986)TCP4.3BSDTahoe(1988)BSD1.0(1989)Net/14.3BSDReno(1990)TCPSLIPBSD2.0(1991)Net/24.4BSD(1993)4.4BSD-Lite(1994)Net/31.10BSDTCP/IPInternet21.712.424.31.15TCP/IPAPIsocketTLITransportLayerInterfaceBerkeleysocketAT&TXTIX/OpenX/OpenXTITLITCP/IPAPIsocketsocketTLI[Stevens1990]1.161.111.11IP140.252IPB140.252.tuc.noao.edunoaoNationalOpticalAstronomyObservatoriestucTucson:svr4.tuc.noao.eduIP140.252.13.34TCP/IPnoao.edu1.113.44.6sunnetbSLIP2.4SLIP1.17TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPIPTCPUDPIPInternet1100IPIPIP1.1ABC1.2FTP27.3nic.merit.edunsfnet/statistics/history.netcountNSFNET1.13.101.3RFC[Braden1989a]TCP/IP1.4RFCquoteofthedayRFC1.5TCP/[e-mail]+170364898881.8FTPis.internic.netabout-internic/information-about-the-internic1122.11.4TCP/IP1IPIP2ARPARPARP3RARPRARPRARPTCP/IPFDDIRS232SLIPPPPloopbackSLIPMTUMTU2.2IEEE802DigitalEquipmentCorp.IntelCorp.Xerox1982TCP/IPCSMA/CD/CarrierSense,MultipleAccesswithCollisionDetection10Mb/s48bitIEEE802802.3CSMA/CD802.4802.5802.2802LLC802.2802.3[Stallings1987]IEEE802TCP/IPIPRFC894[Hornig1984]IEEE802IPRFC1042[PostelandReynolds1988]RFCInternet10Mbit/s1.RFC8942.RFC894RFC1042IEEE8023.RFC1042RFC894RFC8942.148bit6802.316bit48bitARPRARP4532bitIP48bit2802CRC802Sub-networkAccessProtocolSNAP8028023802.2LLC5802.2SNAPDestinationServiceAccessPoint,DSAPSourceServiceAccessPoint,SSAP0xaactrl33orgcode02RFC1340[ReynoldsandPostel1992]CRCFCS802.3802.33846pad2.1IEEE802.2/802.3RFC1042RFC8942.3RFC893[LefflerandKarels1984]trailerencapsulationBSDDECVAXIPIPTCPCRCTCP512ARPRFC893[Leffleretal.1989]11.82.4SLIPIPSLIPSerialLineIPIPRFC1055[Romkey1988]SLIPRS-232InternetSLIP1IPEND0xc0ENDEND2IPEND0xdb,0xdc0xdbSLIPESCASCIIESC0x1b3IPSLIPESC0xdb,0xdd2.2ENDESCIPIP4SLIP1.IPIP2.SLIP3.SLIPCRCSLIPCRC317IPTCP11UDP2.2SLIPSLIPp.25SLIP1984RickAdams4.2BSDSLIP2.5SLIP19200b/sTelnetRloginTCPSLIPTCP120IP20TCP4019.2RloginCSLIPSLIPRFC1144[Jacobson1990a]CSLIP4035CSLIP16TCPp.25SLIPCSLIPSLIPCSLIP2.6PPPPPPSLIPPPP1IPPPP82LCPLinkControlProtocol3NCPNetworkControlProtocolRFCIPOSIDECnetAppleTalkIPNCPCSLIPNCPTCPRFC1548[Simpson1993]RFC1332[McGregor1992]IPPPPISOHDLC2.3PPP2.3PPP0x7e0xff0x030x0021IP0xc0210x8021CRCFCS0x7ePPP(bitstuffing)[Tanenb