将Deming的质量原则应用于课堂实践

ImprovingStudentLearningApplyingDeming’sQualityPrinciplesinClassroomsSecondEditionAlsoavailablefromASQQualityPress:ContinuousImprovementintheScienceClassroomJeffreyBurgardContinuousImprovementinthePrimaryClassroom:LanguageArtsK–3KarenFaussContinuousImprovementintheMathematicsClassroomCarolynAyresContinuousImprovementintheHistoryandSocialSciencesClassroomShellyCarsonSuccessfulApplicationsofQualitySystemsinK–12SchoolsTheASQQualityEducationDivisionFuturingToolsforStrategicQualityPlanninginEducationWilliamF.AlexanderandRichardW.SerfassInsightstoPerformanceExcellenceinEducation:AnInsideLookattheBaldrigeAwardCriteriaforEducationMarkL.Blazey,KarenS.Davison,andJohnP.EvansToolsandTechniquestoInspireClassroomLearningBarbaraA.Cleary,PhDandSallyJ.DuncanThinkingToolsforKids:AnActivityBookforClassroomLearningBarbaraA.Cleary,PhDandSallyJ.DuncanTorequestacomplimentarycatalogofASQQualityPresspublications,call800-248-1946,orvisitourWebsiteat’sQualityPrinciplesinClassroomsSecondEditionLeeJenkinsImprovingStudentLearning:ApplyingDeming’sQualityPrinciplesinClassroomsLeeJenkinsLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataJenkins,Lee.Improvingstudentlearning:applyingDeming’squalityprinciplesinclassrooms/LeeJenkins.—2nded.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-87389-569-X(Hardcover:alk.paper)1.Schoolimprovementprograms—UnitedStates.2.Learning.3.Totalqualitymanagement—UnitedStates.4.Deming,W.Edwards(WilliamEdwards),1900–.5.Educationaltestsandmeasurements—UnitedStates.I.Title.LB2822.82.J462003371.2'00973—dc212003000299©2003byASQAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.10987654321ISBN0-87389-569-XPublisher:WilliamA.TonyAcquisitionsEditor:AnnemiekeKoudstaalProjectEditor:PaulO’MaraProductionAdministrator:GretchenTrautmanSpecialMarketingRepresentative:DavidLuthASQMission:TheAmericanSocietyforQualityadvancesindividual,organizational,andcommunityexcellenceworldwidethroughlearning,qualityimprovement,andknowledgeexchange.AttentionBookstores,Wholesalers,Schools,andCorporations:ASQQualityPressbooks,videotapes,audiotapes,andsoftwareareavailableatquantitydiscountswithbulkpurchasesforbusiness,educational,orinstructionaluse.Forinformation,pleasecontactASQQualityPressat800-248-1946,orwritetoASQQualityPress,P.O.Box3005,Milwaukee,WI53201-3005.ToplaceordersortorequestafreecopyoftheASQQualityPressPublicationsCatalog,includingASQmembershipinformation,call800-248-1946.VisitourWebsiteat://[e-mail]e,Wisconsin53203ThisbookisdedicatedtoRev.KennethL.Jenkins,myfather.SomewhereinmyteensIasked,“Dad,ifyoumovedtoanewchurchwouldn’tyouhaveitrealeasy?Youcouldre-preachallthesamesermonsandwouldn’thavetoworksohard.”Heresponded,“Itdoesn’tworkthatway,becauseallyourlifeyougrowanddevelop.Thesermonsofacoupleyearsagojustaren’tgoodenoughtoday.”Myappreciationforqualityandcontinuousimprovementstartedyoungandisdue,toalargeextent,tothiswonderfulmanwholivesallweekthesermonshepreachesonSunday.viiixTableofContentsListofFiguresandTables......................xvPreface................................xixAcknowledgments..........................xxiiiIntroductiontoFirstEdition(WithOneSlightAddition)....xxvIntroductiontoSecondEdition...................xxixSectionIImprovementBasicsChapter1AnAimforEducation.................3Chapter2ImprovementInsteadofChange...........7SectionIIDr.W.EdwardsDemingChapter3TheoryofProfoundKnowledge...........19System.............................20Epistemology..........................26Psychology...........................30Variation............................32Chapter4Dr.Deming’s1992AdviceandtheThreeBasicGraphs........................37SectionIIIImprovingLearning:TheDetailsChapter5PerformancewithoutRubrics............47xTableofContentsChapter6PerformancewithRubrics..............57Chapter7ImprovedLearningofEssentialInformation....71WhySquareRoot?.......................73WhySample?..........................73WhyRandom?.........................74HowDoTeachersSelecttheRandomItems?.........74GivingtheFirstQuiz......................76WhatAbouttheImpatientStudentsWhoWanttoKnowRightNow?......................83AretheBrightestStudentsBored?...............84CountingUptheTotalCorrect.................85CanAllStudentsMakeRun(Line)Graphs?..........86WhatShouldBetheGoal?...................87WhatAboutAbsencesandtheResultingDownturnsontheGraphs?.......................88TheMultiplicationTables...................90InsightsfromCincinnati....................91CharacterEducation......................93TheEnergy...........................93ReviewwithSpellingExample................93MoreExa