大学英语精读第二册-Unit-2lessons-from-Jefferson

1.Doyouadmireanygreatpoliticalfiguresorstatesmenbothathomeandabroad?Andwhy?•ZhouEnlaiwasoneofthemajorleadersoftheChineseCommunistmovement.•HewasthefirstpremierofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,aposthehelduntilhisdeathin1976.•Hewaswellknownasaskilledinternationalnegotiator.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865):The16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,bornonFebruary12,1809inKentucky.HepreservedtheUnionduringtheCivilWarandbroughtabouttheemancipationoftheslaves.1.GeorgeWashington乔治·华盛顿:1789-17972.JohnAdams约翰·亚当斯:1797-18013.ThomasJefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:1801-18094.AbrahamLincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:1861-18655.FranklinD.Roosevelt富兰克林·罗斯福:1933-19456.HarryS.Truman哈里·杜鲁门:1945-19537.JohnF.Kennedy约翰·肯尼迪:1961-19638.RichardM.Nixon理查德·尼克松:1969-19749.GeraldFord杰拉尔德·福特:1974-197710.RonaldReagan罗纳德·里根:1981-198911.GeorgeBush乔治·布什:1989-199312.BillClinton比尔·克林顿:1993-200113.BarackHusseinObamaJr.巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马（小）2009-2.OftheAmericanpresidents,howmanydoyouknow?3.Canyourecognizethepeopleinthefollowingpictures?GeorgeWashington(1732-1799):borninVirginiaonFebruary22,1732.theCommander-in-Chief(总司令)oftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolutionstatesmanthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates(OnApril30,1789,GeorgeWashington,tookhisoathofofficeasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hepursuedtwointerests:militaryartsandwesternexpansion.)BillClinton(1946-):the42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-1996)thefirstpresidentbornafterWorldWarII,electedtoasecondtermin1996.Duringhispresidency,BillClintonseizedimportantopportunitiesonissuesfromwelfaretofreetrade.•(Hisstafferswereknowntosay,IfClintonweretheTitanic,theicebergwouldsink.)BarackObamahasbecomethe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hecampaignedonathemeofchange,inspiringmillionsofpeoplebothathomeandabroad.changehascometoAmericaHetooktheoathofofficeon20thJanuary2009onthestepsoftheU.S.CapitolbeforeacrowdofmorethanonemillionpeoplewhohadgatheredtoseethefirstAfricanAmericanbecomepresident.ABriefIntroductiontoThomasJefferson•isbestrememberedasagreatPresident.•theauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.•Healsowonlastingfameasadiplomat,apoliticalthinker,andafounderoftheDemocraticParty.•Jefferson'sinterestsandtalentscoveredanamazingrange.•ThomasJefferson(1743-1826)Jefferson'sChronologyDateEventApril13,1743BornatShadwell,GoochlandCounty,Virginia.1762AttendedtheCollegeofWilliamandMary,wherehestudiedlaw.1769JoinedtheVirginiacoloniallegislature(立法机关).1772Marriedawell-to-dowidow,MarthaWaylesSkelton.1776AskedbytheContinentalCongressinPhiladelphiatodrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.1779—1781ChosenasthegovernorofVirginia.1789—1793Servedasthenation'sfirstsecretaryofstateunderPresidentGeorgeWashington.1797—1801ServedasvicePresidentunderJohnAdams.1801—1809BecamethePresidentoftheUnitedStates.•Note:appoint通常指不经过选择的官方委任。•name指任命，提名，非正式用语；•assign指分配任务；•promote指提升，升职appoint:vt.1)choose(someone)foraposition,job,etc.任命，委任2)toarrange,fix约定，指定appointsomebodyasappointsomebody(todo)somethingappointsomebodyto(ajob,post,position,etc.)Eg:WhowillbeappointedtothechairmanshipwhenMr.Whiteleaves?Thecompanyhasappointedanewsalesmanager.Pattern:公司任命了一位新的销售部经理.appointment:n.1.任命，委任2.约定，指定makeanappointmentwithsomebody与某人约会humble:adj.1)lowinposition身份、地位等微贱的,卑下的amanofhumblebirth/originahumblejob2)havingamodestopinionofoneself谦虚的;谦逊的出身卑贱的人卑下的工作Inmyhumbleopinion,itistimeforyoutoimproveyourimage.依我浅见Knowledgemakeshumble;ignorancemakesproud.知识使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲．Note:modest与humble均有”谦逊的”之意.modest：强调虚心程度,不自吹自擂;humble：指把自己置于低于他人的位置上以示谦恭．Don'tbesohumbleaboutyourtranslation;itisexcellent.对自己的翻译不要那么谦虚,它已是上乘之作。threaten:vt.hangoverdangerously;utterathreatagainst威胁It’snousethreateningme─I’mnotgoingtodoit.他们每次争吵时，他女朋友总是威胁说要分手。Everytimetheyhaveanargument,hisgirlfriendthreatenstobreakup.threatensomebodywithsomethingbethreatenedtodosomethingPattern:threat:n.[C]恐吓,威胁Eg:Iobeyed,butonlyunderthethreatofdeath.我仅仅是在死的威胁下才服从了．N.+en----V.Exercise3onPage36reject:vt.refusetotake,believe,useorconsider拒绝Sherejectedhisofferofmarriage.他向她求婚,她拒绝了。reject,refuse&decline这三个动词均含“拒绝”之意。refuse：语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。reject：多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。decline:指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。1.I_________totakepartinanythingthatisillegal.2.Thearmydoctors_______severalrecruitsasunfit.3.Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshe__________.军医拒绝了几名新兵,认为他们身体不合格.refusedrejecteddeclinedrejection:n.拒绝e.g.Hewasneverabletoaskhertomarryhimoutoffearofrejection.hesitate:vt.feeldoubtful;beundecided犹豫，踌躇Eg:Ihesitatetopaysomuchforasuit.Don’thesitateindoingwhatyoubelieveisgoodandcorrect.Note:hesitation:n.hesitant:adj.Pattern:hesitatetodosomethinghesitateindoingsomethingHeacceptedtheinvitationwithouthesitation.IhavenohesitationinsayingthatI’mwillingtomarryhim.毫不犹豫地说conflict:1.(vi.)beopposed;clash冲突Eg:Yourtwostatementsconflictwitheachother.•Itisreportedthatsomeworkersonstrikeconflictedwiththepolice.据报道，在罢工的工人与警察起了冲突．conflictwith:和…相冲突或抵触2.(n.)disagreement;clash;fight冲突conflictofinterestarmedconflict利益冲突武装冲突Eg:Thetwocompaniescomeintofrequentconflictsasaresultofcompetition.comeintoconflict(with):(和…)发生冲突resent:vt.feelangryorbitterat对…忿很；对…不满Iresentsbeingcalledafool.我讨厌别人叫我傻瓜．Pattern:resentdoingsome