高考英语听力解题方法指导

英语听力是用英语进行交际必不可少的一种能力。英语听力测试题主要考查考生的基础知识、听音辨音、逻辑思维的能力，也考查学生的心理素质。要想在听力测试中取得理想的成绩，考生除了要在平时学习中多训练听力，从读、写等其它方面提高对语言的熟悉程度之外，还需要掌握应对策略。一、解题技能综合指导考生拿到试题后，要抓紧时间快速浏览所给的听力试题，看清题目要求、问题与选项，然后预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容。听录音时要快速、简要地用省略语、缩略词以及自己习惯的符号记录下有关信息(包括数字、人名、地名、关键词)，前提是不要影响跟听速度。要重点听与题干相关的内容，把握关键词，并且要相信自己的判断，果断选择。如果某个小题未听懂那就放弃，做到舍前保后。综上所述，解听力题的技巧可概括为：略读考题，学会预测。有备而听，速记信息。把握要点，果断选题。调整心态，舍前保后。二、考点类型及相应解题技巧1.事实细节题高考听力题中绝大多数是考查事实细节的。考查角度多种多样,本部分只讲解考查比例较大的考点类型。1)动作意向题这种题型常见的提问方式有:Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?/Whatwill...probablydo?/Whatis...goingtodo?/Whatwillthemandoafterwards?等。解题时,考生一般根据对话或独白内容即可得出答案,但有时则需进行推理判断。【考例】Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Takephotos.B.Buyacamera.C.Helpthewoman.【听力材料】M:I’vegotmycamerawithme,butamIallowedtotakephotoshere?W:Ithinkso.Itdoesn’tsayyoucan’t.【分析】选A。由这位男士所说的amIallowedtotakephotoshere可知,他想拍照。2)原因推理题该题型在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。判断原因有时很容易,往往在录音中有because,becauseof,for,as,since,nowthat,dueto,owingto,that’swhy...等暗示信息。而有时要通过上下文来进行逻辑推理。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句,审好题干,做好听前预测,边听边记录。这类题常用Why...?/What’sthereasonfor...?的方式提问。【考例】Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Totellherabouthernewjob.B.Toaskaboutherjobprogram.C.Toplanameetingwithher.【听力材料】W:Hello,thisisAndrea.M:Hello,Andrea,thisisAlex.Ihavesomeverygoodnewsforyou.Mirandawasverysatisfiedwithyouandsaidshe’sverymuchlookingforwardtoworkingwithyou.Isn’tthatwonderful?Congratulations,dear!HowdoesitfeeltobeMiranda’snewassistant?Iimaginethatyouarejustdelightedwiththisnews.Solet’ssee,youcanstartonMonday,right?W:Umm,well,Idon’tthinkIcanstartMonday....【分析】选A。由Alex所说的she’sverymuchlookingforwardtoworkingwithyou以及HowdoesitfeeltobeMiranda’snewassistant可知，他打电话给Andrea的原因是想告诉她关于她的新工作的事。3)数字、时间类题数字、时间类题可分为直接信息型和间接信息型两种。对于直接信息型的题，答案在录音中直接给出,考生可以很容易地选出;而间接信息型的题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间,考生需要听清这些数字/时间,并搞清楚它们之间的关系,有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。常见的提问方式有：When...?/Whattime...?/Whatday...?/Atwhattime...?/Howold...?/Howmuch...?/Howlong...?等。【考例】Howmuchisthechange?(北京2013)A.$8.B.$42.C.$50.【听力材料】W:Hello,isthiseverythingforyoutoday?M:Yes.W:OK.Thetotalis8dollars.M:Canyoubreakafifty?W:Noproblem.Here’syourchange,42dollars.M:Thankyou.【分析】选B。由Here’syourchange,42dollars可知找回的钱是42美元。2.主旨大意题这类题不仅要求考生能够听懂对话或独白,而且要求考生具有较高的概括能力。【考例】Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?(重庆2013)A.Anarrangementforaday.B.Anintroductiontoaplace.C.Anexperienceofculture.【听力材料】MayIhaveyourattention,please?Hereisourplanfortomorrow.We’llhavebreakfastat7:30inthehotel.Afterthat,we’llsetoutfortheNaturalMuseumat8:30.There,youcanseeagreatexhibitionofdinosaurs.AfterlunchatafamousFrenchrestaurant,we’lldrivetothebeachwhereyoucanswimorsimplywalkaround.I’msureyou’llbeimpressedbythebeautifulscenery.Atabout3:30,we’llvisittheCentralSquare,theoldestpartofthecity.Thesquarewasbuiltin1815withahistoryofabout200years.It’llbeagreatplaceforyoutoexperiencethelocalculture....【分析】选A。由Hereisourplanfortomorrow可知，谈论的主题是“明天的计划”，故选A项。3.内容背景题这类题要求考生根据语境推断对话发生的场所。在做这类题时,考生应注意对话的关键词。常见的对话场所有:学校（教室）、医院（诊所）、机场、车站、饭店、商店、书店、邮局等。常用Whereistheman/womannow?的方式提问。【考例】Whereisthemannow?A.Onhisway.B.Inarestaurant.C.Athome.【听力材料】M:Hi,Maggie.I’mcoming,butit’ssnowingandthetrafficismovingslowly.W:OK,David,takeyourtime.We’llwaitforyou,sowecanhavedinnertogether.【分析】选A。由it’ssnowing,thetrafficismovingslowly以及takeyourtime可知，在对话发生时，这位男士还在路上。4.人物关系题解这类题时，要抓住与说话人身份相关的核心词。常考的人物关系有：师生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、老板与职员、医生与病人、司机与乘客、售货员与顾客等。常用Whatmightbe/istheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?的方式提问。【考例】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?(湖南2013)A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Classmates.【听力材料】M:Hi,Jane!W:Howareyou,Mr.Morton?M:Fine.It’snicetoseeyou.So,areyouenjoyingtheparty?W:Yeah,it’sgreat.Themusic,thefood,everything.M:Howtimeflies!Ican’tbelieveallyoukidsaregraduatingandthismightbethelasttimeIseesomeofyouforalongtime.W:Yeah,andI’llneverforgetyourinterestinglecturesandyoursenseofhumour.M:Thanks.Er...Doyouhaveanyplansforthesummerbeforeyougotocollege?...【分析】选A。由录音中的neverforgetyourinterestinglectures及beforeyougotocollege可知，对话双方可能是师生关系。5.意图、观点或态度题说话者的意图、观点或态度也和具体语言环境有关，只有结合具体语境进行归纳或推理，才能理解说话者真正的意图、观点或态度。常见的提问方式有：Whatdoestheman(woman)thinkof...?/Howdoestheman(woman)feelabout...?等。【考例】WhatdoesthemanthinkofSara’splan?A.Funny.B.Exciting.C.Strange.【听力材料】M:Allright,Sarah,weknowthatyouareplanningsomethingbigforJohn’sbirthday.Couldyoutellusjustwhatyouhaveinyourmind?W:Iwantedtomakehisbirthdayaveryspecialevent.JohnhasasisterlivinginFrance.AndI’llsendheraplaneticket,sothatshecanbehereforhisbirthday.M:Boy!Whatanexcellentplan!That’ssomethingspecial.Ikindofguessedyouhadsomesecretplanandwerewaitingfortherighttimetotellme.W:Well,Ididn’twanttosayanythinguntilIwassureshecouldcome.【分析】选B。由这位男士所说的Boy!Whatanexcellentplan!That’ssomethingspecial可知，他认为萨拉的这个计划很好，很让人兴奋。