汽车空调工作原理及维修毕业论文

第1页共25页毕业论文（设计）题目：汽车空调原理及维修知识函授站名：姓名：果果所学专业：汽车检测与维修层次：大专指导教师：评阅教师：2012年10月第2页共25页摘要汽车空调系统是实现对车厢内空气进行制冷、加热、换气和空气净化的装置。它可以为乘车人员提供舒适的乘车环境，降低驾驶员的疲劳强度，提高行车安全。空调装置已成为衡量汽车功能是否齐全的标志之一。汽车空调的作用已是众所周知。汽车空调装置已不再是豪华奢侈的象征，不仅轿车、客车上采用空调，货车、工程车上也纷纷安装空调装置。人们对空调的需求越来越迫切，对汽车空调质量的要求也越来越高。近几年来，国内公路大量新建，尤其是高速公路迅速发展，有力地带动了公路客运事业特别是高速客运事业的迅猛发展。同时，随着地球表面日益变暖和人民生活水平的提高，促进城市公交开始采用空调客车，这两方面因素造成对客车空调器的需求大增。由于客车车型基本上都是国内自行开发的，其空调系统需国内客车厂和空调器厂自行设计、配套，所以汽车制造厂、空调器制造厂及空调器维修站迫切需要了解汽车空调的有关知识。伴随汽车空调的普及与发展，汽车空调的发展大体上历经了五个阶段：单一取暖阶段、单一冷气阶段、冷暖一体化阶段、自动控制阶段、计算机控制阶段。空调的控制方法也历经了由简单到复杂，在由复杂到简单的过程，作为汽车空调系统的电路控制方面也在不断更新改进。关键词:汽车空调工作原理维修注意事项第3页共25页AbstractAutomotiveairconditioningsystemisimplementedforthecompartmentairrefrigeration,heating,ventilationandairpurificationdevices.Itcanprovidecomfortabletravellingenvironmentfortravellingstaff,reducedriverfatiguestrength,improvedrivingsafety.Airconditioninginstallationshasbecomethemeasureofwhetherthecarsfeaturesanarrayoflandmark.Autoairconditioningeffectiswellknown.Autoairconditioningisnolongerasymbolofluxury,airconditioningnotonlycars,buses,trucks,worktruckshavealsoinstalledair-conditioningunitson.Demandforairconditioningisbecomingmoreandmoreurgent,increasinglyhighdemandsonthequalityofautomobileairconditionerInrecentyears,domesticroadalargenumberofnew,particularlytherapiddevelopmentofhighways,vigorouslypromotethecauseofroadpassengertransportinparticulartherapiddevelopmentofhigh-speedpassenger.Atthesametime,asthesurfaceoftheEarthbecomesincreasinglywarmingandraisingpeople'slivingstandards,promotinganairconditionerbuscitybusbegan,thesetwofactorsleadtoasignificantincreaseinthedemandofairconditionersforbuses.Becausethepassengercarmodelsarebasicallyinternallydeveloped,requireddomesticpassengercarplant,anditsairconditioningsystemairconditionerfactorydesign,matching,socarplants,airconditionermanufacturerandairconditionermaintenancestationthereisanurgentneedtoknowaboutautomotiveairconditioningknowledge.Accompanythepopularizationanddevelopmentofautomotiveairconditioning,largelyhaspassedthroughthefivestagesofdevelopmentofcarairconditioner:singlestageheating,singlestageforair-conditioning,heatingstageandcontrolphasesofintegration,computer-controlledstage.Airconditioningcontrolmethodforanythingfromsimpletocomplex,fromcomplextosimpleprocess,astheautomotiveairconditioningsystemcircuitcontrolisconstantlyupdated.Keywords:automobileairconditioningworksmaintenanceconsiderations第4页共25页目录前言······························································6第一章汽车空调技术简介···········································71.1汽车空调的过去与未来······································71.2汽车空调的特点···········································81.3汽车空调的性能评价指标···································91.4汽车空调系统分类（按动力源分）····························101.4.1独立式空调···········································101.4.2非独立式空调·········································10第二章汽车空调系统的组成··········································112.1汽车空调的组成············································112.2汽车空调系统的主要结构部件································112.2.1压缩机················································112.2.2冷凝器················································112.2.3蒸发器················································122.2.4膨胀阀················································122.2.5孔管的工作原理········································122.2.6储液干燥器············································13第三章汽车空调的工作原理··········································143.1汽车空调的工作原理········································143.2汽车空调的主要功能········································14第四章汽车空调的故障检修及方法····································164.1汽车空调常见故障··········································164.2汽车空调系统故障诊断方法··································184.2.1听····················································184.2.2看····················································184.2.3摸····················································184.2.4测····················································19第五章汽车空调的使用及注意事项····································205.1汽车空调的正确使用和维护··································20第5页共25页5.1.1使用中应注意的问题····································205.1.2空调的日常维护与保养··································205.2汽车空调的使用知识及注意事项······························21结论·····························································23致谢·····························································24参考文献···························································25第6页共25页前言汽车诞生距今已有100多年了，但第一台汽车空调装置直到1927年才出现。当时汽车空调的内容仅仅是加热器和通风系统。1940年，英国Packard汽车公司第一次提供了通过制冷方式使车内空气凉爽的方法。第二次世界大战后，汽车空调开始有了实质性的发展，在技术上和数量上都有了很大的提高。随着汽车工业的迅猛发展和人民生活水平的日益提高，汽车开始走进千家万户。人们在一贯追求汽车安全性、可靠性的同时，如今也更加注重对舒适性的要求。因而，空调系统作为现代轿车基本配备，也就成了必然。目前，汽车空调已经广泛应用在现代汽车上。它不仅可以改善驾驶员的工作条件，提高其工作效率和驾驶安全性，同时还可以提高汽车等级，改善汽车的乘坐舒适性。汽车空调不再是一种奢侈品，而是汽车现代化的重要标志之一。目前发达国家乘用车空调安装率已达90%以上，而且大多数采用自动控制。我国虽然起步较晚，但近年来发展也很快。近年来环保和能源问题成为世界关注的焦点，也成为影响汽车工业发展的关键因素。各种替代能源动力车的出现为汽车空调业提出了新的课题与挑战。随着我国国民经济水平的日益提高及汽车工业的飞速发展，汽车正逐步进入家庭，在近几年汽车保有量急剧增加的同时，人们对汽车舒适性的要求也越来越高了。汽车空调装置作为汽车舒适性的一个重要方面，在汽车上已经相当普及。我国汽车空调的安装随着汽车工业的发展已达到100%的普及型，空调已成为现代汽车的一项基本配备，给汽车空调的使用与维修带来了新的挑战。论文最