污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势

　　:20091　＊(CXTD-Z2005-4)(KZCX2-YW-404)＊＊　e-mail:[e-mail]污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势＊骆永明＊＊(中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室　南京210008)　　本文综述了国内外污染土壤修复技术的研究现状和发展趋势,并联系我国土壤污染态势探讨了中国土壤修复技术研发的需求。文中指出,包括生物修复、物理修复、化学修复及其联合修复的污染土壤修复技术体系已经基本形成;土壤修复技术正朝着6大方向发展,即向绿色与环境友好的生物修复、联合杂交的综合修复、原位修复、基于环境功能材料的修复、基于设备化的快速场地修复以及土壤修复决策支持系统及修复后评估等技术方向发展。我国土壤环境污染态势严峻,需要发展能广泛应用、安全、低成本的原位农田生物修复技术和物化稳定技术,发展安全、土地能再开发利用、针对性强的工业场地快速物化工程修复技术与设备,发展能控制水土流失与污染物扩散的矿区植物稳定化与生态工程修复技术,建立污染土壤修复技术规范、评价标准和管理政策。　土壤污染　土壤修复　技术发展:X53　:A　:1005-281X(2009)023-0558-08CurrentResearchandDevelopmentinSoilRemediationTechnologiesLuoYongming＊＊(KeyLaboratoryofSoilEnvironmentandPollutionRemediationofCAS,NanjingInstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China)Abstract　Thispapermakesareviewoncurrentresearchanddevelopmentincontaminatedsoilremediationtechnologiesathomeandabroad,andalsodiscussesdemandfordevelopmentinsoilremediationtechnologiesinChina.Thisreviewindicatesthatsystematicremediationtechnologiesforcontaminatedsoilhavebeendeveloped,whichincludedbioremediation,physicalchemicalremediationandintegratedremediation.Sixresearchanddevelopmenttrendsinsoilremediationaresummarizedasfollows:greenandenvironmentally-friendlybioremediation,combinedandhybrideremediation,insituremediation,environmentallyfunctionalmaterialbasedremediation,equipmentbasedsiteremediation,remediationdecisionsupportingsystemandpost-remediationassessment.ItneedsinChinatodevelopwide-use,safe,cost-effectiveinsitubioremediationandphysicalchemicalstabilizationtechnologiesforagriculturalfarmlandsoil,todevelopsafe,landreusable,site-specificphysicalchemicalandengineeringremediationtechnologiesforheavilypollutedindustrialsite,andtodevelopphytostabilizationandeco-engineeringremediationtechnologhiesforcontrollingsoilerosionandpollutantstransportinminedarea.Besides,italsoneedstodevelopnationalguidelines,standardsandmanagementpoliciesforcontaminatedsoilremediation.Keywords　soilpollution;soilremediation;technologydevelopment212320093化　学　进　展PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.21No.23　Mar.,2009Contents1　Introduction2　Currentresearchesincontaminatedsoilremediationtechnologies2.1　Bioremediationtechnologiesforcontaminatedsoil2.2　Physicalremediationtechnologiesforcontaminatedsoil2.3　Chemicalorphysico-chemicalremediationtechno-logiesforcontaminatedsoil2.4　Combinedremediationtechnologiesforcontaminatedsoil3　Trendsindevelopmentofcontaminatedsoilreme-diationtechnologies3.1　Greenandenvironmentally-friendlybioremediationtechnologies3.2　Combinedandhybrideremediationtechnologies3.3　Insituremediationtechnologies3.4　Environmentallyfunctionalmaterialsbasedreme-diationtechnologies3.5　Equipmentbasedsiteremediationtechnologies3.6　Remediationdecisionsupportingsystemandpost-remediationassessmenttechnologies4　OpinionsonR&DofcontaminatedsoilremediationtechnologiesinChina4.1　SoilcontaminationsituationinChina4.2　DemandsinR&Dofcontaminatedsoilremediationtechnologies5　Conclusion1　2070。30,、、、,,,,。,“”,[1],、、、。,,、、、,。,。、。,[2,3]。,,。2　,、、,,。。2.1　,、、,21,。2.1.1　2080,[4,5]。[6,7,8]、[9]、[10]、[4]、[4];、、、、。,,、、、、、[6,7,11,12],[13]、、[1]。,。,。,、·559·23　、[1],,、。,、、。,、、,;,[14];[15],。2.1.2　。。。,、;,,,[1]。,。PAHs、,4PAHs[16]。--[17,18]。,,、,、、。。、:、、。、[19,20]。,,、、,。2.2　()。,[21]、[22][23],、、。2.2.1　,,。、、,PCBs,[21]。,,、、,[24]。,。2.2.2　(SVE)(VOCs)。,,,VOCs;,。SVE、、、、。90%[25]。VOCs,,,,,。2.3　,,-、、-、。·560·化　学　进　展212.3.1　--,,,[26]。,。、、,。-。。-[27]。,-、。2.3.2　、、,。,。[28]。,,。、,,,。2.3.3　--(Fenton、、、)(SO2、Fe0、H2S),[29,30,31]。,。。,。,、[29],。2.3.4　(),[32]。、、、、pH:,;;;;。2.3.5　()(、),。[33,34]。,、、[1]。、,;,,[35]。。2.4　,,,,,。2.4.1　-(、)-、()-[17,18,36,37]。。[17]。[18]。[36],-、-[37],、。2.4.2　-,,-。-,。,,,·561·23　[12]。--[38,39]。-,,[33]。-[40],[41]。-PAHs。,。2.4.3　--。--。,。,PdRh--[42,43];TiO2[32]。3　2000、200420083[44—46],,;,、、,、;,;,、、;(mega-citysite),、-;,。3.1　、、、,21。,,。、、,,[7]。,。、、,,。3.2　、,,,。,、、。、、,。,,,:,-,-,--,,-,-,,。3.3　、、、、。,,。,。,、-、、。[47,48]。3.4　、、,,、[29,32]。·562·化　学　进　展21,,。,、、、,。、、。3.5　,。、、、-、。,,、。。,,(),。3.6　。,、。CLARINET、EUGRIS、NATOCCMS。、、,[49]。,、。,,。4　,,。4.1　,[1,50]。,、(、、)、()、、、,。“”,。、,。,,,。,,,、,,,;、,、、、,、,。4.2　()、、。、,、,、、、、。、、、、,、、、,,。、,,、、、,,,。·563·23　,,,,。5　、、、。、、、,、、。,、。,。“”,。,“”,“”。13。,、。,、,、,。,,---,、,。,,,。[1]　(LuoYM).()(SoilEnvironmentalProblemsandSolutionsinChina.Ed.LuoYM).:(Nanjing:HehaiUniversityPress),2008.26—29[2]　(LuoYM),(TengY),(GuoY).(Soils),2005,37(3):230—235[3]　(LuoYM).90(Festschrifton90thAnniversaryoftheBirthofAcademicianZhuZuxiang).:(Beijing:SciencePress),2006,201—208[4]　(LuoYM).(Soils),1999,31(5):261—265[5]　ArthurEL,RicePJ,RicePJ,etal.Crit.Rev.PlantSci.,2005,24(2):109—122[6]　MaLQ,KomarKM,TuC,etal.Nature,2001,409:579—579[7]　WhickerFW,HintonTG,MacDonellMM,etal.Science,2004,303(5664):1615—1616[8]　MullainathanL,ArulbalachandranD,LakshmananGMA,etal.PlantArchives,2007,7(1):19—23[9]　MendezMO,MaierRM.Environ.HealthPersp.,2008,116(3):278—283[10]　NewmanLA,ReynoldsCM.Curr.Opin.Biotech.,2004,15(3):225—230[11]　XuLS,ZhouSB,WuLH,etal.Int.J.Phytoremediation,2009,11:283—295.[12]　MeersE,TackFMG,vanSlyckenS,etal.Int.J.Phytoremediation,2008,10(5):390—414[13]　RoyS,LabelleS,MehtaP,etal.PlantSoil,2005,272(12):27