高考英语阅读理解推理判断.ppt

高考英语阅读理解推理判断五年高考全国卷推理判断题量统计表2011全国Ⅱ2012全国Ⅰ2013全国Ⅰ2014全国Ⅰ2015全国Ⅱ推理判断题量77578推理判断题量在近5年中相对稳定1.数据推断题3.逻辑结论推断题2.知识推断题5.作者观点、态度倾向推断题6.写作目的/意图推断题7.文章出处/来源推断题推理判断8.预测想象推断题4.隐含意思/细节推断题1.数据推断题解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推算,从而得出正确的结论。技巧:Shakespeare’sBirthplaceandExhibitionofShakespeare’sWorld……TheBirthplaceiswithineasywalkingdistanceofallthecarparksshownonthemap:nearestisWindsorStreet(3minutes’Walk)……Q:Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren?A.￡9.80B.￡12.00C.￡14.20D.￡16.40Example1:☆BelowaresomeclassifiedadsfromanEnglishnewspaper.classifiedadsFORDIRECTCLASSIFIEDSERVICECALL800-055710A.M.-4P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAYFORSALECOMEtoourmovingsale---Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc,Sat,Dec.14th---9a.m.-5p.m.1612Ferndale,Apt.1,800-4696.USEDFURCOATSandJACKETS.GOODcondition.$30-$50.Call800-0436after12noon.MOVING:Mustsell.TV21”,$50;AM/FMradioA/Corbattery,$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10.CallJonorPat,800-0793after5p.m.orweekends.SHEEPSKINCOAT:man’s,size42,1yearold.$85.After6p.m.,800-5224.……Q:Asecond-handjacketwillprobablycostyou______.A.$60B.$40C.$20D.$10Example2:☆2.知识推断题解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础常识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。技巧:Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(蓝宝石)worthnearlysixhundredthousanddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbitten(咬)byoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.Medicinewasbeingkeptreadyatanearbyhospital.……Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumExample3:☆3.逻辑结论推断题解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要求进行推断。逻辑结论是指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。技巧:Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Q:Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause______.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuchExample4:☆OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn(旅馆).…………“Please,sir.”beggedtheinnkeeper,“Don'tkillus!Wemeantnothing!”Thesoldiersmovedback.Theinnkeepersawthemraisingtheirguns.ThenNapoleoncalled:“Ready!Aim!”Thewifescreamed.“Stop!”saidNapoleon.Hewenttotheinnkeeper,“Now,youknowtheanswertothequestionyouaskedmejustnow,don’tyou?”Q:WhydidNapoleonorderedhismentotiethecouple?A.Becausehewantedtoteachtheinnkeeperagoodlessonforbotheringhim.B.Becausehewantedtokillthecoupletogetridofhisanger.C.Becausehewantedtoshowthathewassoadmiringageneralthatnobodycouldupsethim.D.Becausehewantedtomadetheinnkeeperknowthatagenerallikehimhadthesamefeelingastheordinarypeopleinfaceofdanger.Example5:☆4.隐含意思/细节推断题1.文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2.文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3.与文章内容完全相反的结论4.不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。干扰项特点:4.隐含意思/细节推断题1.要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。2.要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3.注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。技巧:Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsectsExample6:☆Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist…….Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(风景画)muchinfluenced（影响）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.……butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.……SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.…………AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor______.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventyExample7:☆5.作者观点、态度倾向推断题作者观点、态度题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有accordingtothewriter/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等词或短语。这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度外，有的还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。如作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立/犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。5.作者观点、态度倾向推断题常见提问形式:1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…”?4.Fromthe…paragraph,whatdoyouthinktheauthorwantstotellus?5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against---.6.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？5.作者观点、态度倾向推断题干扰项特点:1.是自己的某种看法或观点2.是社会的一种普遍种倾向3.是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等技巧:1.问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2.如果问的是对某