中国式英语

Topic25ChinglishContentsChinglish&ChinaEnglish1DiagnosisofChinglish2MainCausesofChinglish3HowtoAvoidChinglish4Assignments51.ChinglishandChinaEnglish?★中国式英语(Chinglish)Asthecounterpartoftranslationese,theso-calledtermChinglishreferstomisshapen,hybridlanguagethatisneitherEnglishnorChinesebutthatmightbedescribedas“EnglishwithChinesecharacteristics”.DerogativelycalledinChinese“pigin”(洋泾浜)intheearlyandmid-20thcentury,ChinglishisoneoftheproblemsaffectingthequalityofChinese-Englishtranslationgoeshere.中国式英语(Chinglish)指中国的英语学习者和使用者由于受母语的影响和干扰，硬套汉语规则和习惯，在英语交际中出现的不合规范或不合英语语言和西方文化习惯的畸形英语。1.你的身体很健康。Yourbodyisveryhealthy.2.TeacherWang3.打招呼时：Haveyoueatenup?★中国英语(ChinaEnglish)DefinitionOntheotherhand,thereisakindof“ChinaEnglish”whichisbasedonstandardEnglishandisacceptableinEnglishcommunication.中国英语(ChinaEnglish)是以规范英语为基础，能够进入英语交际，不受母语干扰而又能较好反映中国特有事物和概念。中国英语有益于传播中国文化，将随着中国人使用英语的普及和中国特色的形成而逐渐扩充，从而丰富和发展英语和世界文化。一国两制:Onecountry,twosystems天人合一theunityofmanandnature;科学发展观：scientificoutlookondevelopment古为今用、洋为中用译1:lettheancientservethepresentandlettheforeignservethenational译2:drawfromthepastandforeignachievementsHowdidChinaEnglishcomeintobeing?1.音译（transliteration):根据普通话发音直接转化生成。秀才(xiucai),二胡(erhu),功夫(gongfu),馄饨(wonton),茅台酒(Moutai/Maotai),人参(ginseng),叩头(kowtow),2.直译：将汉语词汇通过翻译手段逐词借用英语表述形式。下岗职工一个中国的政策经济特区流动人口菜篮子工程小康水平laid—offworkersOneChinapolicyspecialeconomiczonefloatingpopulationvegetablebasketprojectfairlycomfortablestandardofliving3.释译：在翻译形象化语言时表现出明显的中国民族文化特色，不但使人耳目一新，而且丰富了英语表达方式。中国英语中一部分就是从汉语意思译成英语后而生成的英语意思。支农惠农政策policiestosupportandbenefitagriculture,ruralareasandfarmersEnd2.DiagnosisofChinglish复旦大学英语教授葛传椝先生认为:“Chinglish是在语法和用词方面基本上不能算错，而意思也明白，可是明显地从汉语思维产生而英语民族人民并不这么说的那种英语。”Chinglishphrases大片*bigmovie;blockbuster早恋*earlylove;puppylove方便面*convenientnoodles;instantnoodles拳头产品*fistproduct;knockoutproduct新闻自由*freedomofnews;freedomofpress买一赠一*Buyone,presentone.Buyone,getonefree.★Chinglishsentences上海的交通很拥挤。*Shanghai’strafficisverycrowded.ThetrafficisveryheavyinShanghai.新学期已经过去一个多月了。*Ournewtermhaspassedonemonthandmore.Morethanonemonthhaspassedsincethenewtermbegan.本(航空)公司的经营方针是:安全第一，旅客至上，优质服务，树立信誉。初译:Theguidelineofourairlinesis“safetyfirst,passengerconsideration,excellentservices,establishmentofprestige.”逐字死译，用词和搭配不当，为典型Chinglish改译1:Ouraimis“SAFETYFIRST,PASSENGERABOVEALL,TOPQUALITYSERVICE,GOODREPUTATION.”改译2:With“customeraboveall”and“reputationfirst”inmind,ourairlinesmaintainhighqualityandefficiencyofalltheserviceweprovide.参考:Convenience/Availability/Satisfaction作为一句广告，译文已灵活而达意地简化为三个英语单词，很有广告英语的味道。End3.MainCausesofChinglishA.搭配不当Outofcollocation来信写道：theletterwritestheletterreads把中国建设成:buildChinaintoturnChinainto接受九年义务教育：accept9-yearcompulsoryeducationreceivea9-yearcompulsoryschoolingB.滥用使役动词Overusedcausativeverb“make”or“let”看到这些照片使我想起自己的童年。Thesightofthesepicturesmademeremembermyownchildhood.Thesightofthesepicturesremindedmeofmyownchildhood.C.过多使用修饰词Unnecessarymodifiers完全征服：completelyconquerconquerconquer不可能是partly,加completely多此一举。极为可耻：extremelyshamelessshameless伟大的历史性转变：greathistoricchangehistoricchangeD.重复和累赘Redundancy为推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。TopromotethedevelopmentofChina—USrelations，ChinaneedstoknowtheUSbetterandtheUSalsoneedstoknowChinabetter.TopromoteChina—USrelations,ChinaneedstoknowtheUSbetterandviceversa.不要弄虚作假。Donotdofalsethingsandcheating.Nocounterfeitandcheating.E.主语选用不当Impropersubjects世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。Attheturnofthecentury,China’sdiplomacyismostactive.TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarea.因为diplomacy没有生命，active的主语应该是人。创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。Theinnovationisthesoulofanation’sprogress.Theinnovationsustainstheprogressofanation.F.没有注意词类转换Necessaryconversion汉译英有时不能完全按照原文是什么词类就译成什么词类，而要根据情况对词类进行调整和转换。轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。Thedesignsandvarietyoflightindustrialandtextileproductshaveincreasedandtheirqualityhascontinuedtoimprove.Lightindustryandtextileproductsarenowavailableinbetterdesignsandqualityandinrichervariety.G.字对字死译Wordforword中国特有的一些新词汇新提法无法找到对应的英语表达方式,译文往往是解释性的;若字对字死译，就会出现Chinglish.国际关系民主化。Internationalrelationsshouldbedemocratized.Democracyshouldbepracticedininternationalrelations.你的手表不对。Yourwatchisnotcorrect.Yourwatchdoesn’tkeepgoodtime.考试一般分文理科进行。Examsareheldaccordingtoscienceandliberalarts.Theentranceexaminationisheldforstudentstomajorinscienceorliberalartsrespectively;Examinationsaredesignedseparatelyforscienceandartsstudents.End4.HowtoAvoidChinglish?A.GuardingagainstTakingtheWordsattheirFaceLevel吃透中文意思，摆脱中文字面束缚，以清晰的文字表达原文的意思。人文奥运*people’s(cultural)Olympics;culture-enrichedOlympics科技旅游*technologicaltours;science-themetouristB.Keepingagooddictionaryathand酸奶sourmilk(Themilkmusthavegonebad);yoghurt宣传部*propagandadepartment;departmentinchargeofpublicityPropagandaisaderogatoryEnglishwordimplying“falseorpartlyfalseinformationusedbyagovernmentorpoliticalpartytomakepeopleagreewiththem”.C.DevelopingPragmaticCompetence★Translators’pragmaticabilityispartoftheircommunicativecompetence.Itcomprisestheabilitytouselanguageappropriatelyaccordingtothecontext.Moreoftent