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1必修5,unit31.impressionn.印象;感想;印记1)固定搭配:make/leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象beundertheimpressionthat...觉得;以为makenoimpressionon对……无影响/效果givesb.afavourableimpression给某人以好的印象Firstimpressionsaremostimportant.第一印象最重要。hisimpressionofher=herimpressiononhim她给他留下的印象2)其动词形式impress用法:impress作“使(某人)印象深刻”时,常用结构有:impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;通常用于被动语态:beimpressedby/at/withsth.或beimpressedonone’smind/memory。如:Theteachersweremostimpressedbyyourperformanceintheexam.所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动【即境活用】1)______________wasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错2)HistriptoIndiamade___________.他的印度之行对他的触动很大3)He____________________________withhissincerity.他的真诚打动了她2.takeup从事;占(时间、空间、注意力、等);继续1)Thistabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地方。2)Shehastakenupajobasateacher.她当上老师了。3)Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneoff.本章继续上一章的内容。[短语归纳]takeoff脱掉(衣服等);起飞:打折:作为折扣而减价:takeover接管:获得对…的控制或管理takeapart拆开:分开后将…分成许多部分takefor把…视作:误认为take…forgranted认为……是理所当然takedown写下,记下takeback收回(诺言);【即境活用】1)Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool______mostofherday.A.takesupB.makesupC.savesupD.putsup2)Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJohnson____cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.A.tookupB.caughtonC.carriedoutD.madefor3.constantlyadv.始终;一直;重复不断地constantly.adv.不断地【经典例句】Hisreportwasconstantlyinterruptedbyapplause.他的报告频频被掌声所打断。【考点聚焦】constantly经常和进行时连用,如:I’mconstantlytellinghertobehaveherself.我不断地告诉她要守规矩。e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展:constantadj.连续发生的;不断的;重复的;4.remind提醒,使想起remindsb.ofsth./sb.使某人想起某人或某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事remindsbthat使某人想起…25previousadj.先的,前的;事前的;以前的previousto在……之前previouslyadv.先前地,以前地1)Hedidbetterinhispreviousstudy.他在预习方面做得好。2)Hispreviousattemptwassuccessful.他以前的尝试成功了。3)Previoustotheconferencewehaddiscussedthematter.在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.previous按时间和次序在某物之前former从前的,而不是现在的;可指已提及的两者中的前者,与latter反义6.Uncertainty犹豫,迟疑—uncertaintlyBeuncertainabout/of对…不确定Innocertainterms明确有力地,不含糊地forcertain肯定,确定makecertainof确保sure语气比certain弱,只能用人做主语certainit做形式主语或形式宾语时,只能用certain7.surroundingsn.[pl.]环境;surroundv.围绕;环绕surroundingadj.周围的;附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。Surrounding人所在的周围地区或事物Environment常用语指影响人们生活的环境等,尤指自然环境,如土地、空气、水等,也可指精神环境。8.tolerate容忍;忍受tolerance宽恕。容忍—tolerant–tolerance宽容,容忍tolerate+ving=bear,stand,putupwith+ving忍受,容忍Wesimplycannottoleratecheatinginexams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为。Icannottolerateherrudeness.我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。9.lack缺乏;没有1)lack用作名词表示:“缺乏;短缺”;不可数用作动词表示:“缺乏;短缺;没有;不足”alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能2)固定搭配:forlackof因缺乏……havenolackof不缺乏……lackfornothing一无所缺belackingin缺乏n.Sheshowedalackofhumor.她缺少幽默v.Acowardlackscourage.怯懦者缺乏勇气【归纳比较】辨析lack与shortage:lack是一个通用性名词,指整体或局部的不足;shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack同义,但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯量的总数不足时,比lack所表示的不足更甚。【即学即用】①Thetripwascancelledthrough____________________.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。②He____________________________.他缺乏信心。10.adjustv.调整,使适应3adjustment.n.调整,调节adjustable.adj.可调动的,可调节的adjustto[搭配]适应……makeadjustmentsto对…作出调整adjustoneselftosth.适应;习惯Thedesksandseatscanbeadjusted(adjust)totheheightofanychild.Myeyeshaven’tadjusted_to__thedarkyet.11.Bebackonone’sfeet(困境后)恢复,完全复原Keepone’sfeet站稳脚跟standonone’sownfeet自立Underone’sfeet碍手碍脚,讨厌struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来risetoone’sfeet站起来jumptoone’sfeet跳起来12.Slideinto(快捷而悄声地)移动,溜进slideover/aroundsth爽快地处理(问题),略过13.Optimism—pessimismOptimist—pessimistOptimistic—pessimisticBeoptimisticabout对…持乐观态度14.press[pres]n.&v.按;压;逼迫;印刷;新闻n.pressurepresssbtodosth.催促某人去做某事presssthintosth把某物塞入另一物中putpressureonsbtodosth.迫使某人做某事15.losesightof看不见…catchsightof看见..atfirstsight初见16.switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关;转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。aswitchin在…方面转变switchoff(电灯,电器)关掉—switchonswitchover彻底转变,变换switchout关上e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.第一个孩子出生后,她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。17.speedup加速【经典例句】Thecarspedupwhentherewasnoone.没有人时汽车加速了。【考点聚焦】和speed搭配的常见短语:ataspeedof以……的速度withspeed快速地atfull/topspeed全速地Ataspeechof以…的速度~~~~~~~~~~~light、sound以光速,音速Withspeed快速地speedby很快地过去,飞逝18.deserted无人居住的,被遗弃的—deserter遗弃者,逃兵—desertion遗弃,逃脱—deserts应得的报酬,奖赏,奖罚419.Instant(n)--instantly—instantaneous立刻的—instance例子,事例Atthatinstant在那瞬间foraninstant一瞬间Ontheinstant立即theinstant(that)一…就20.Greed贪婪—greedily嘴馋地begreedyfor对…贪婪21.Settlement定居;解决insettlementof(对债务等的)清偿reachasettlement达成协议settledown定居,平静下来,定心下来22.While的用法引导时间状语从句当…的时候连接并列句,表对比“然而”引导让步状语从句“虽然,尽管”WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.引导条件状语从句“只要”Therewillbelifewhilethereisairandwater.课文知识点:1,Asaresult,Isufferedfrom“timelag”.结果我得了时间滞后症。(1)asaresult(of):作为……的结果,由于Itsnowed,asaresult,shewaslate.天下雪,因此她迟到了。resultfrom起因于……resultin导致某事,造成某事(=leadto)(2)sufferfrom:toexperience(somethingunpleasant,suchasanillness),especiallyoveralongperiodoftimeorhabitually患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。Shesuffersfromheadache.她患头痛病。辨析:suffer与sufferfromsuffer意为遭受苦痛,损失,忍受侮辱等,其宾语为pain,lose,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback,sufferfrom遭受战争,自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。sufferfromthewar/theflood/aheadache…遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病;suffer(from)coldandhunger遭受寒冷和饥饿(派)sufferingn.痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难2.Theairseemedthinasthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.(1)ast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